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Definition 2024


Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

(radical 75 +4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 木木 (DD), four-corner 44990, composition木)

Derived characters

  • (in Japanese shinjitai)

References

  • KangXi: page 516, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14551
  • Dae Jaweon: page 903, character 19
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1164, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+6797

Chinese

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Large seal script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*ɡ·ruːm
*ɡ·ruːm
*ɡ·ruːm
*ɡ·ruːmʔ
*ɡ·ruːmʔ
*ɡ·rɯm
*ɡ·rɯm
*ɡ·rɯm, *ɡ·rɯms
*ɡ·rɯm
*ɡ·rɯm
*ɡ·rɯm
*ɡ·rɯmʔ, *ɡ·rɯms
*slɯmʔ, *srɯms
*r̥ʰɯm, *srɯm
*r̥ʰɯm
*r̥ʰɯm
*krɯm, *krɯms
*krɯm
*krɯms, *ŋɡrɯmʔ
澿 *ɡrɯm
*ɡrɯmʔ, *ɡrɯms
*ɡrɯmʔ, *ɡrɯms
*ɡrɯms

(“wood”) is repeated twice to give the idea of multiple trees (compare , 𣓏, 𣛧, 𣡕, 𣡽), thus a forest.

Pronunciation



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /lin³⁵/
Harbin /lin²⁴/
Tianjin /lin⁴⁵/
Jinan /liẽ⁴²/
Qingdao /liə̃⁴²/
Zhengzhou /lin⁴²/
Xi'an /liẽ²⁴/
Xining /liə̃²⁴/
Yinchuan /liŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /lĩn⁵³/
Ürümqi /liŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /nin²¹³/
Chengdu /nin³¹/
Guiyang /nin²¹/
Kunming /lĩ¹/
Nanjing /lin²⁴/
Hefei /lin⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /liəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /liŋ¹³/
Hohhot /lĩŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /liŋ²³/
Suzhou /lin¹³/
Hangzhou /lin²¹³/
Wenzhou /leŋ³¹/
Hui Shexian /liʌ̃⁴⁴/
Tunxi /lin⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /lin¹³/
Xiangtan /nin¹²/
Gan Nanchang /lin⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /lim¹¹/
Taoyuan /lim¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /lɐm²¹/
Nanning /lɐm²¹/
Hong Kong /lɐm²¹/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /lim³⁵/
/na³⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /liŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /leiŋ³³/
/laŋ³³/
Shantou (Min Nan) /lim⁵⁵/
/nã⁵⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /lim³¹/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (37)
Final () (139)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/liɪm/
Pan
Wuyun
/lim/
Shao
Rongfen
/ljem/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/lim/
Li
Rong
/liəm/
Wang
Li
/lĭĕm/
Bernard
Karlgren
/li̯əm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
lín
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
lín
Middle
Chinese
‹ lim ›
Old
Chinese
/*[r]əm/
English forest

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 8165
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɡ·rɯm/

Definitions

  1. forest; grove; woods
  2. A surname.

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic ():

Japanese

Kanji

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. woods; grove; forest; copse

Readings

Compounds

Noun

(hiragana はやし, romaji hayashi)

  1. woods

Synonyms

Proper noun

(hiragana はやし, romaji Hayashi)

  1. A surname.
  2. A female given name

Proper noun

(hiragana りん, romaji Rin)

  1. A surname.
  2. (rare) A female given name

Usage notes

As a surname, this reading is more often used by people of Chinese ancestry, since it is similar to the Mandarin Chinese reading of Lín.


Korean

Hanja

(rim>im)
Eumhun:

  • Sound (hangeul): 림> (revised: rim>im, McCune-Reischauer: rim>im, Yale: lim>im)
  • Name (hangeul): 수풀()
  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

(lâm)

  1. Forest
  2. Gathering
  3. Dense

References