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Definition 2024
永
永
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
See also: 氷
Translingual
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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Han character
永 (radical 85 水+1, 5 strokes, cangjie input 戈弓水 (INE), four-corner 30232)
Derived characters
References
- KangXi: page 603, character 4
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17088
- Dae Jaweon: page 996, character 4
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 1546, character 3
- Unihan data for U+6C38
Chinese
|
simp. and trad. |
永 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Characters in the same phonetic series (永) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 永 | *ɢʷraŋʔ |
| 栐 | *ɢʷraŋʔ |
| 泳 | *ɢʷraŋs |
| 詠 | *ɢʷraŋs |
| 咏 | *ɢʷraŋs |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄩㄥˇ
- Wade-Giles: yung3
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeong
- IPA (key): /i̯ʊŋ²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: wing5
- Yale: wíhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: wing5
- IPA (key): /wɪŋ¹³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: éng
- Tâi-lô: íng
- Phofsit Daibuun: eang
- IPA (Xiamen): /iɪŋ⁵³/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /iɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɪŋ⁵³/
- IPA (Taipei): /iɪŋ⁵³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɪŋ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien)
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 永 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /yŋ²¹⁴/ |
| Harbin | /yŋ²¹³/ | |
| Tianjin |
/ʐuŋ¹³/ /yŋ¹³/ |
|
| Jinan | /yŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Qingdao | /iŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /yuŋ⁵³/ | |
| Xi'an | /yŋ⁵³/ | |
| Xining | /yə̃⁵³/ | |
| Yinchuan | /yŋ⁵³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /ỹn⁴⁴²/ | |
| Ürümqi | /yŋ⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /yn⁴²/ | |
| Chengdu | /yn⁵³/ | |
| Guiyang | /in⁴²/ | |
| Kunming | /ioŋ⁵³/ | |
| Nanjing | /ioŋ²¹²/ | |
| Hefei | /yn²⁴/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /yəŋ⁵³/ |
| Pingyao |
/yŋ⁵³/ /y⁵³/ ～城村 |
|
| Hohhot | /ỹŋ⁵³/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ioŋ³⁵/ |
| Suzhou | /ioŋ⁵¹/ | |
| Hangzhou | /ʔioŋ⁵³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /j̠oŋ³⁵/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /yʌ̃³⁵/ |
| Tunxi | /yan²⁴/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /yn⁴¹/ |
| Xiangtan | /yn⁴²/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /yn²¹³/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /iun³¹/ |
| Taoyuan | /ʒuŋ³¹/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /weŋ²³/ |
| Nanning | /weŋ²⁴/ | |
| Hong Kong | /wiŋ¹³/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /iŋ⁵³/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /iŋ³²/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /œyŋ²¹/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /ioŋ⁵³/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /zoŋ²¹³/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 永 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 云 (35) |
| Final (韻) | 庚 (112) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 于憬切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ɦˠwiæŋX/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ɦʷᵚiaŋX/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ɣiuaŋX/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ɦwiajŋX/ |
| Li Rong |
/ɣiuɐŋX/ |
| Wang Li |
/ɣĭwɐŋX/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/i̯wɐŋX/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
yǒng |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 永 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
yǒng |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ hjwængX › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[ɢ]ʷraŋʔ/ |
| English | long (time) |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 永 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 15423 |
| Phonetic component |
永 |
| Rime group |
陽 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
永 |
| Old Chinese |
/*ɢʷraŋʔ/ |
Definitions
永
Compounds
References
Japanese
Kanji
永
Readings
- Goon: よう (yō), from ゐゃう
- Kan’on: えい (ei), from ゑい
- Kun: ながい (nagai), とこしえに (tokoshieni)
- Nanori: え (e), と (to) のり (nori) ひさ (hisa) ひさし (hisashi), のえ (noe)
Synonyms
References
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- Source: EDICT and KANJIDIC files licensed by the Electronic Dictionaries Research Group.