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Definition 2024
算
算
See also: 祘
Translingual
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| |||
Han character
算 (radical 118 竹+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 竹月山廿 (HBUT), four-corner 88446, composition ⿱⺮⿱目廾)
References
- KangXi: page 888, character 3
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 26146
- Dae Jaweon: page 1315, character 23
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 2981, character 8
- Unihan data for U+7B97
Chinese
|
simp. and trad. |
算 | |
|---|---|---|
| alt. forms |
筭 祘 |
|
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 算
|
|---|
| Small seal script |
 |
| Characters in the same phonetic series (算) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 纂 | *ʔsloːnʔ |
| 繤 | *ʔsloːnʔ |
| 算 | *sloːnʔ, *sloːns |
| 匴 | *sloːnʔ |
| 篹 | *sloːnʔ |
| 篡 | *sʰroːns |
| 攥 | *ʔsloːd |
In current form, 竹 (“bamboo”) + 目 + 廾.
The 目 portion may have originally represented counting rods (or possibly an abacus, although the character is believed to predate its invention). Such rods were typically made from bamboo.
Etymology
It has been compared with Tibetan གཤོར་བ (gshor ba, “to count, to measure, to weigh”) by Gong (1995). The Old Chinese coda was *-r, as preserved in Japanese 算盤 (soroban, “abacus”).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): syun3
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): son
- Min Dong (BUC): sáung
- Min Nan (POJ): sǹg / sùiⁿ / soàn
- Wu (Wiktionary): soe (T2)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄢˋ
- Wade-Giles: suan4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: suann
- IPA (key): /su̯a̠n⁵¹/
-
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: syun3
- Yale: syun
- Cantonese Pinyin: syn3
- IPA (key): /ɕyːn³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: son
- Hakka Romanization System: son
- Hagfa Pinyim: son4
- IPA: /son⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sáung
- IPA (key): /sɔuŋ²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Lukang, Sanxia, Taipei, Tainan, Kaohsiung, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sǹg
- Tâi-lô: sǹg
- Phofsit Daibuun: sngx
- IPA (Xiamen): /sŋ̍²¹/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /sŋ̍⁴¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /sŋ̍¹¹/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /sŋ̍²¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Yilan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sùiⁿ
- Tâi-lô: suìnn
- Phofsit Daibuun: svuix
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /suĩ²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soàn
- Tâi-lô: suàn
- Phofsit Daibuun: soaxn
- IPA (Xiamen): /suan²¹/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /suan⁴¹/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /suan²¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /suan¹¹/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /suan²¹/
- Note: sǹg/sùiⁿ - colloquial; soàn - literary.
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Lukang, Sanxia, Taipei, Tainan, Kaohsiung, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: soe (T2)
- IPA (key): /sø³⁴/
- (Shanghainese)
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 算 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /suan⁵¹/ |
| Harbin | /suan⁵³/ | |
| Tianjin | /suan⁵³/ | |
| Jinan | /suã²¹/ | |
| Qingdao | /suã⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /suan³¹²/ | |
| Xi'an | /suã⁴⁴/ | |
| Xining | /suã²¹³/ | |
| Yinchuan |
/suan¹³/ ～術 /suan⁵³/ ～了 |
|
| Lanzhou | /suɛ̃n¹³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /suan²¹³/ | |
| Wuhan | /san³⁵/ | |
| Chengdu | /suan¹³/ | |
| Guiyang | /suan²¹³/ | |
| Kunming | /suã̠²¹²/ | |
| Nanjing | /suaŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /sʊ̃⁵³/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /suæ̃⁴⁵/ |
| Pingyao | /suɑŋ³⁵/ | |
| Hohhot | /suæ̃⁵⁵/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /sø³⁵/ |
| Suzhou | /sø⁵¹³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /sz̩ʷõ⁴⁴⁵/ | |
| Wenzhou | /sø⁴²/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /so³²⁴/ |
| Tunxi | /suːə⁴²/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /sõ⁵⁵/ |
| Xiangtan | /sɔn⁵⁵/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /sɵn⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /son⁵³/ |
| Taoyuan | /son⁵⁵/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /syn³³/ |
| Nanning | /ɬyn³³/ | |
| Hong Kong | /syn³³/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) |
/suan²¹/ /sŋ̍²¹/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /sɔuŋ²¹²/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /sɔŋ³³/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) |
/suaŋ²¹³/ /sɯŋ²¹³/ |
|
| Haikou (Min Nan) |
/suaŋ²³/ /tui³⁵/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 算 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 桓 (62) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 蘇管切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/suɑnX/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/sʷɑnX/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/suɑnX/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/swanX/ |
| Li Rong |
/suɑnX/ |
| Wang Li |
/suɑnX/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/suɑnX/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
suǎn |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 算 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
suàn |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ swanH › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[s]ˤorʔ-s/ |
| English | calculate; tally |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 算 | 算 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 12137 | 12140 |
| Phonetic component |
算 | 算 |
| Rime group |
元 | 元 |
| Rime subdivision |
3 | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
算 | 筭 |
| Old Chinese |
/*sloːnʔ/ | /*sloːns/ |
Definitions
算
- to count; to calculate; to figure
- to plan; to arrange; to design
- to guess; to estimate; to approximate
- to regard as; to consider
- to count; to be of significance
- to let it pass; to give up
- finally; eventually
Compounds
Derived terms from 算
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Japanese
Kanji
算
- Counting, calculation
Readings
- Goon: さん (san), せん (sen) (non-Jōyō reading)
- Kan’on: さん (san), せん (sen) (non-Jōyō reading)
- Kan’yōon: そん (son) (non-Jōyō reading)
- Kun: かぞえる (kazoeru), かず (kazu)
Korean
Hanja
算 • (san) (hangeul 산, revised san, McCune-Reischauer san, Yale san)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Compounds
- 算板 (산판, sanpan)
Vietnamese
Han character
算 (toán, toan)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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