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Definition 2025
鍊
鍊
See also: 錬
Translingual
| Traditional | 鍊 |
|---|---|
| Shinjitai | 錬 |
| Simplified | 炼 |
Alternative forms
Han character
鍊 (radical 167 金+9, 17 strokes, cangjie input 金木田火 (CDWF), four-corner 85196, composition ⿰金柬)
References
- KangXi: page 1313, character 9
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40602
- Dae Jaweon: page 1814, character 5
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 4228, character 14
- Unihan data for U+934A
Chinese
| trad. | 鍊 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 炼 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 鍊
|
|---|
| Small seal script |
 |
| Characters in the same phonetic series (柬) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 蘭 | *ɡ·raːn |
| 攔 | *ɡ·raːn |
| 欄 | *ɡ·raːn |
| 瀾 | *ɡ·raːn, *ɡ·raːns |
| 讕 | *ɡ·raːn, *ɡ·raːnʔ, *ɡ·raːns |
| 闌 | *ɡ·raːn |
| 韊 | *ɡ·raːn |
| 幱 | *ɡ·raːn |
| 籣 | *ɡ·raːn |
| 躝 | *ɡ·raːn |
| 爛 | *ɡ·raːns |
| 爤 | *ɡ·raːns |
| 鑭 | *ɡ·raːns |
| 糷 | *ɡ·raːns |
| 斕 | *ɡr·reːn |
| 揀 | *kreːnʔ, *ɡ·reːns |
| 柬 | *kreːnʔ |
| 暕 | *kreːnʔ |
| 諫 | *kraːns |
| 練 | *ɡ·reːns |
| 鍊 | *ɡ·reːns |
| 煉 | *ɡ·reːns |
| 楝 | *ɡ·reːns |
| 萰 | *ɡ·reːns |
| 堜 | *ɡ·reːns |
| 湅 | *ɡ·reːns |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡ·reːns) : 金 (“metal”) + 柬.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄢˋ
- Wade-Giles: lien4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liann
- IPA (key): /li̯ɛn⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: lin6
- Yale: lihn
- Cantonese Pinyin: lin6
- IPA (key): /liːn²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liān
- Tâi-lô: liān
- Phofsit Daibuun: lien
- IPA (Xiamen): /liɛn²²/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /liɛn⁴¹/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɛn²²/
- IPA (Taipei): /liɛn³³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɛn³³/
- (Hokkien)
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 鍊 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 先 (85) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 郎甸切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/lenH/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/lenH/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/lɛnH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/lɛnH/ |
| Li Rong |
/lenH/ |
| Wang Li |
/lienH/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/lienH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
liàn |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 鍊 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
liàn |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ lenH › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[r]ˤen-s/ |
| English | refine (metal) |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 鍊 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 6142 |
| Phonetic component |
柬 |
| Rime group |
元 |
| Rime subdivision |
2 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
練 |
| Old Chinese |
/*ɡ·reːns/ |
Definitions
鍊
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Japanese
Kanji
鍊
(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Readings
Korean
Hanja
鍊 • (ryeon>yeon) (hangeul 련>연, revised ryeon>yeon, McCune-Reischauer ryŏn>yŏn, Yale lyen>yen)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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