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Definition 2024


See also:

Translingual

Shinjitai
Simplified
Traditional

Alternative forms

Note the difference between the traditional Chinese (柬) and the Japanese shinjitai ().

Han character

(radical 120 +9 in Chinese, 糸+8 in Japanese, in Chinese 15 strokes, in Japanese 14 strokes, cangjie input 女火木田火 (VFDWF), four-corner 25996, composition or ⿰)

References

  • KangXi: page 932, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27631
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1370, character 16
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3424, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+7DF4

Chinese

trad.
simp.

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*ɡ·raːn
*ɡ·raːn
*ɡ·raːn
*ɡ·raːn, *ɡ·raːns
*ɡ·raːn, *ɡ·raːnʔ, *ɡ·raːns
*ɡ·raːn
*ɡ·raːn
*ɡ·raːn
*ɡ·raːn
*ɡ·raːn
*ɡ·raːns
*ɡ·raːns
*ɡ·raːns
*ɡ·raːns
*ɡr·reːn
*kreːnʔ, *ɡ·reːns
*kreːnʔ
*kreːnʔ
*kraːns
*ɡ·reːns
*ɡ·reːns
*ɡ·reːns
*ɡ·reːns
*ɡ·reːns
*ɡ·reːns
*ɡ·reːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡ·reːns) : semantic  (silk) + phonetic  (OC *kreːnʔ).

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (37)
Final () (85)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () IV
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/lenH/
Pan
Wuyun
/lenH/
Shao
Rongfen
/lɛnH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/lɛnH/
Li
Rong
/lenH/
Wang
Li
/lienH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/lienH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
liàn
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
liàn
Middle
Chinese
‹ lenH ›
Old
Chinese
/*[r]ˤen-s/
English sized white silk

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 6141
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɡ·reːns/

Definitions

  1. white silk
  2. to boil and scour raw silk
  3. to practice; to drill; to exercise; to train
  4. experienced; familiar

Compounds


Japanese

Kanji

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

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Readings

Compounds


Korean

Hanja

(ryeon, yeon) (hangeul 련, , revised ryeon, yeon, McCune-Reischauer ryŏn, yŏn, Yale lyen, yen)

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Vietnamese

Han character

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