Finnish

(index k/o)

Adjective

kova ‎(comparative kovempi, superlative kovin)

1. hard (of an object, resistant to pressure)
2. strict, harsh, severe, unfriendly, hard, stern, brutal (of behavior or character)
3. tough, hard (demanding a lot of effort to endure)
4. strong, loud, hard, heavy, severe (having a high impact or influence, often translated as the adverb very in translating an accompanying noun as an adjective)

   Minulla on kova jano.

   I'm very thirsty.

   Radio on liian kovalla. (not to be confused with the adverb kovaa)

   The radio is too loud.

5. live (of ammunition)

   Tappaja väitti, että hän ei tiennyt aseen olevan ladattu kovilla panoksilla.

   The killer claimed that he didn't know that the weapon was loaded with live rounds.

6. high, great, ambitious, remarkable

   Pidän ilmapiiristä, mutta heidän hintansa ovat aika kovat.

   I like the atmosphere, but their prices are quite high.

   kova kysyntä

   great demand

   Heillä on kovat suunnitelmat - ensin valloitetaan Pohjoismaiden markkinat, sitten koko maailma.

   They have ambitious plans – first the Nordic market, then the whole world. / They have ambitious plans to first conquer the Nordic market and then the whole world. (literally: first the Nordic market will be conquered)

7. eager, devoted

   Hän on kova kalamies.

   He's an eager fisherman.

   Hän on kova Kärppä-fani.

   He's a devoted fan of the Kärpät.

8. tough (rowdy or rough)

   Hän on kova kaveri.

   He is a tough guy.

9. hard, hardworking

   Hän on kova työmies.

   He's a hard worker.

10. excellent, great, well-known

    Alle kaksi tuntia on kova aika maratonilla.

    Less than two hours is an excellent time on a marathon.

    Niin, mutta olenkin kovassa kunnossa. Olen kova nimi urheilupiireissä.

    Yes, but I'm in a great shape. I'm a well-known name in the sports circles.

11. (physics, ferromagnetism) hard (of material: having the capability of being a permanent magnet)
12. (finance) unregulated, market-rate, unsubsidized, hard; special uses, see usexes:

    ~ valuutta : hard currency (globally traded currency that is expected to serve as a reliable and stable store of value)

    ~ raha : unsubsidized financing; especially as opposite to aravalaina ‎(“type of subsidized loan for social housing”)

13. (of light) harsh, hard (intensive and creating disagreeable and abrupt contrasts in colour or shading)
14. (of water) hard (high on dissolved calcium and other minerals)
15. (phonetics) hard, unvoiced (pronounced without using the vocal cords)
16. (vulgar) hard (of a man, sexually aroused)
17. (pornography) hard, hardcore

Declension

Synonyms

• (person): ankara
• (of noise): kovaääninen, äänekäs
• (unsubsidized): vapaarahoitteinen; markkinaehtoinen
• (excellent): erinomainen, mainio

Antonyms

• (object, person) pehmeä
• (person): lempeä
• (noise): hiljainen
• (blow): heikko

Derived terms

Anagrams

• vako

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkovɒ]
• Hyphenation: ko‧va

Noun

kova ‎(plural kovák)

1. flint

Declension

Kilivila

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkova/

Noun

kova

1. fire

References

• Gunter Senft (1986), Kilivila: the Language of the Trobriand Islanders. Berlin • New York • Amsterdam: Mouton de Gruyter, p. 291. ISBN 3-11-010781-3

Lithuanian

Etymology

• Aleksander Brückner listed this term as a cognate with Polish kuć ‎(“to forge”)^[1].

Pronunciation

• (kovà) IPA^(key): [koːˈvɐ]
• (kõva) IPA^(key): [ˈkǒːvɐ]

Noun

kovà f ‎(plural kõvos) stress pattern 4 ^[2]

1. fight, struggle

Declension

Synonyms

• karas, mūšis

Related terms

• (verb) kauti

Derived terms

• (noun) dvikova f
• (verb) kovoti

See also

• rungtynės f pl, varžybos f pl

References

1. ↑ Brückner, Aleksander (1927), “kuć”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna, published 1985, page 279
2. ↑ “kova” in Juozas Balčikonis [et al.] (1954), Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos žodynas. Vilnius: Valstybinė politinės ir mokslinės literatūros leidykla.

• “kova” in Victoria Martsinkyavitshute (2012), Hippocrene Concise Dictionary: Lithuanian-English/English-Lithuanian, Seventh printing. New York: Hippocrene Books. ISBN 978-0-7818-0151-5

Turkish

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkɔvɑ]
• Hyphenation: ko‧va

Noun

kova ‎(definite accusative kovayı, plural kovalar)

1. bucket

Declension

Veps

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *kova.

Adjective

kova

1. hard (not soft)
2. solid
3. stiff, rigid
4. strong
5. strict, stern
6. harsh, severe

Inflection

References

• Zajceva, N. G.; Mullonen, M. I. (2007), “жёсткий, жестокий, ожесточённый, сильный, суровый, твёрдый, чёрствый”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary], Petrozavodsk: Periodika