Navajo
Verb
íílééh
- he/she is making it
- Bááh ádeiilnééh. — We are making bread.
- (with łahgo) he/she is changing it, altering it
- (with ąą) he/she is opening it
Usage notes
- Both áshłaa and íishłaa are acceptable first-person singular perfective forms of this verb.
- Stem-initial l- becomes n- under d-effect (1st person duoplural and passives) in all modes, except in the perfective where it becomes y- (see root -YAA).
- Iterative and usitative use the suppletive stem -ʼįįh, from root -ʼĮĮD, of similar meaning.
Conjugation
Paradigm: Momentaneous (Ø/yi)
.
IMPERFECTIVE |
singular |
duoplural |
plural |
1st person |
áshłééh |
íilnééh |
ádeiilnééh |
2nd person |
ánílééh |
óhłééh |
ádaahłééh |
3rd person |
íílééh |
ádeilééh |
4th person |
ájílééh |
ádajilééh |
Unspecified |
— |
Passive A |
Passive B |
Spatial |
— |
álnééh |
ábiʼdilnééh |
PERFECTIVE |
singular |
duoplural |
plural |
1st person |
áshłaa, íishłaa |
íilyaa |
ádeiilyaa |
2nd person |
íinilaa |
óohłaa |
ádaoohłaa |
3rd person |
áyiilaa |
ádayiilaa |
4th person |
ájiilaa |
ádajiilaa |
Unspecified |
— |
Passive A |
Passive B |
Spatial |
— |
ályaa |
ábiʼdiilyaa |
FUTURE |
singular |
duoplural |
plural |
1st person |
ádeeshłííł |
ádiilnííł |
ádadiilnííł |
2nd person |
ádíílííł |
ádoohłííł |
ádadoohłííł |
3rd person |
íidoolííł |
ádeidoolííł |
4th person |
ázhdoolííł |
ádazhdoolííł |
Unspecified |
— |
Passive A |
Passive B |
Spatial |
— |
ádoolnííł |
ábidiʼdoolnííł |
ITERATIVE |
singular |
duoplural |
plural |
1st person |
ánéishʼįįh |
ánéiilʼįįh |
áńdeiilʼįįh |
2nd person |
ánéilʼįįh |
ánáoołʼįįh |
áńdaoołʼįįh |
3rd person |
ánáyiilʼįįh |
áńdayiilʼįįh |
4th person |
áńjiilʼįįh |
áńdajiilʼįįh |