Translingual

Punctuation mark

—

1. Indicate that a sentence is unfinished because the speaker has been interrupted.
2. Demarcates parenthetical thought. See — —.
3. Indicates a logical consequence. See also : ‎(“the colon”).
   • 1962, Jack Frohlichstein, Mathematical Fun, Games and Puzzles, Courier Corporation, ISBN 9780486207896, page 9:

     Bet anyone he can't correctly name the next highest number to every number which you will give him. […]

     43 — he will say 44

     87 — he will say 88

     123 — he will say 124

4. Indicates aposiopesis, an abrupt breaking-off in speech. See also … ‎(“the ellipsis”).
5. Separates a term from its definition.
   • 2011, Adam Rizvi, Click Start to Begin: Windows XP Basics, Click Start Publishing Ltd., ISBN 9780956780706, page 22:

     Refresh — This will refresh the current folder, updating it with any new files or settings.

6. Indicates a lack of data in a table^[1]
7. Alternative form of ― ‎(“horizontal bar; quotation dash; introduces a line of dialogue”)

Quotations

For usage examples of this term, see Citations:—.

Derived terms

• — —

Usage notes

In English, this symbol is called em dash.

Derived terms

• ﹘ (small form variant)
• ︱ (vertical variant)
• ⸺ (two-em dash)
• ⸻ (three-em dash)

See also

Punctuation

References

1. ↑ Joan G. Nagle, Handbook for preparing engineering documents: from concept to completion, 1995, p. 114:
   We can use the word none or N/D (no data), or insert an em dash; any of these entries show that we haven't simply forgotten to fill the cell. N/A is commonly used for not applicable. It's good practice to footnote N/A or N/D the first time it is used.

Russian

Verb

— • ‎(—) impf

1. Indicates zero (omission) of the present tense of быть ‎(bytʹ). Called тире́ ‎(tirɛ́) in Russian.

   Вре́мя — де́ньги.‎

   Vrémja — dénʹgi.

   Time is money.

Usage notes

• "—" is not used when the subject is a pronoun; e.g., я ру́сский ‎(ja rússkij, “I am Russian”).