Definify.com

Definition 2024

οἷος

See also: οἶος

Ancient Greek

Adjective

οἷος • ‎(hoîos)

relative adjective of quality such as; what sort, manner, kind of
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 24.630
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.758
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 13.275
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 13.298
1. introducing an exclamation
  1. (in an independent clause) what a (great, terrible) ...!
    - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 7.455
      οἷον ἔειπες.
      What a terrible thing you have said!
    - 366 BCE – 348 BCE, Plato, Theaetetus 142.B
      οἷον ἄνδρα λέγεις ἐν κινδύνῳ εἶναι.
      1921 translation by Harold N. Fowler
      What a [great] man he is who you say is in danger!
    - 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 1256
    - 472 BCE, Aeschylus, The Persians 733
    - 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 450.A
    - 399 BCE, Plato, Euthyphro 15.E
  2. (in a subordinate clause) the (great, terrible) sort that
    - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 3.1.15
      ἐγώ, ὦ ἄνδρες λοχαγοί, οὔτε καθεύδειν δύναμαι, ὥσπερ οἶμαι οὐδ᾽ ὑμεῖς, οὔτε κατακεῖσθαι ἔτι, ὁρῶν ἐν οἵοις ἐσμέν.
      Commanders, I can neither sleep, as I suppose neither can you, nor lie down, seeing the terrible sort of situation we are in.
    - 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 624
    - 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 1402
    - 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 1488
    - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 3.2.12
2. containing a comparison, and sometimes an inference
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 18.591
  - 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 1296
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 22.317
  - 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 399
  - 472 BCE, Aeschylus, The Persians 21
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 24.376
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 6.146
  - 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 607
  - 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 1046
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 1.6.19
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 7.208
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 17.157
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 7.106
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 20.35
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.638
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 9.348
  - 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Protagoras 313.A
  - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Timocrates 185
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.263
  - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 7.21
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Memorabilia 2.9.3
  - 386 BCE – 367 BCE, Plato, Parmenides 161.B
  1. in many Homeric expressions the omission of the antecedent clause is to be noticed
    - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 18.95
    - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 22.347
    - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 4.611
  2. especially in Attic often stands for ὅτι τοῖος, τοία, τοῖον, so that the relative introduces the reason for the preceding statement
    - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 6.166
    - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 16.93
    - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 17.479
    - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.31
    - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.41
    - 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedo 117.C
    - 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 701
  3. if it is to be intimated that the reason is self-evident, and the assertion is beyond doubt, then δή is added
    - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 24.376
    - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 6.146
    - 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 607
    - 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 1046
    - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 1.6.19
  4. but if the comparison or inference only denotes a general or doubtful resemblance, then Homer uses οἷός τε
    - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 7.208
    - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 17.157
    - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 7.106
    - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 20.35
    - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.638
    - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 9.348
    - 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Protagoras 313.A
  5. when a comparison involves a definition of time οἷος ὅτε is used
    - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 10.462
    - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 22.227
  6. many brief Attic expressions are also explained by the omission of the demonstrative pronoun before οἷος
    - 414 BCE, Aristophanes, The Birds 966
    - 380 BCE, Plato, Gorgias 447.C
    - 380 BCE, Plato, Gorgias 481.B
  7. never used like the adverb οἷον with a positive adjective
    - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 11.653
    - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 15.94
    - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 21.108
    - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 19.493
    - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.28
    - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 4.8.2
3. οἷος with an infinitive implies fitness or ability in or for a thing
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 2.3.13
  - 380 BCE, Plato, Gorgias 487.D
  - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Aristogiton 1 2
  - 386 BCE – 367 BCE, Plato, Cratylus 395.A
  - 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 415.E
  - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 6.12
  - 380 BCE, Plato, Euthydemus 272.A
  - 445 BCE – 380 BCE, Lysias, Fr. 159.S
  - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, First Philippic 9
  - 4th century BC, Isaeus, Ciron 21
  - 250–350 BC, Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae 7.345.D
  1. but this sense is commonly expressed by οἷος τε
    - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 21.117
    - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.29
    - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.67
    - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.91
    - 424 BCE, Aristophanes, The Knights 343
    - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 3.16
    - 436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, On the Peace 69
    - 200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 3.90.5
    - 93 CE – 94 CE, Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews 4.6.3
    - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.80
    - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.194
    - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 7.14
  2. (without infinitive)
    - 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Protagoras 314.D
    - 436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, Evagoras 9
    - 423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 198
    - 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Protagoras 349.E
    - 386 BCE – 367 BCE, Plato, Parmenides 144.B
    - 380 BCE, Plato, Gorgias 449.D
    - 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 387.C
    - 341 BCE, Demosthenes, On the Chersonese 75
    - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Politics 1313.A.39
    - 125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, Essays in Portraiture (Images) 3
4. the relative is in Attic often repeated in the same clause
  - 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 751
  - 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 994
  - 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 1045
  - 438 BCE, Euripides, Alcestis 144
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 4.5.29
  - 385 BCE – 380 BCE, Plato, Symposium 195.A
5. as adverb in neuter singular, in poets and Ionic Prose also neuter plural, to add force, like ὡς ‎(hōs) and ὥσπερ ‎(hṓsper): how
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 1.32
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.601
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 13.633
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 15.287
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 24.419
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 17.587
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 21.57
  - 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, Epidemics 6.7.2
  - 422 BCE, Aristophanes, The Wasps 1363
  - 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 923
  - 300 BCE – 250 BCE, Apollonius of Rhodes, Argonautica 4.786
  1. (in comparisons) as, like, just as
    - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 14.295
    - 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 1142
    - 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 105
    - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 3.73
    - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.175
    - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 8.84
    - 385 BCE – 380 BCE, Plato, Symposium 219.E
    - 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 467.B
    - 175 CE – 235 CE, Claudius Aelianus, On the Nature of Animals 1.14
    - 350 BCE – 280 BCE, Demetrius of Phalerum, On Style 94
    - 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Moralia 2.563.F
    - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.90
    - 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedrus 278.A
    - 386 BCE – 367 BCE, Plato, Cratylus 396.A
    - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 532.A.6
    - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Generation of Animals 753.A.33
    - 26 CE – 121 CE, Marcus Aurelius, Meditations 6.20
    - 3rd century AD, Diogenes Laertius, Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers 9.69
    - 366 BCE – 348 BCE, Plato, Theaetetus 199.B
    - 350 BCE, Aristotle, Parts of Animals 39.B.6
    - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, On Generation and Corruption 333.A.11
    - 412 CE – 485 CE, Proclus, Hypotyposis astronomicarum positionum 3.16
    1. as, like for instance
      - 360 BCE, Plato, The Sophist 218.E
      - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, On Generation and Corruption 333.A.11
      - 366 BCE – 348 BCE, Plato, Theaetetus 207.A
      - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 4.271
  2. like ὡς, ἅτε, with a particle
    - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.5
    - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 8.95
    - 385 BCE – 380 BCE, Plato, Symposium 203.B
  3. οὐχ οἷον or μὴ οἷον, followed by ἀλλ᾽οὐδέ or ἀλλὰ μηδέ not only not.., but not even..
    - 200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 1.20.12
    - 100 BCE – 1 BCE, Diodorus Siculus, Library 3.18
    - 110 BCE – 35 BCE, Philodemus, On Rhetoric 2.249.S

Inflection

Declension of οἷος; οἵᾱ; οἷον

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	οἷος	οἵᾱ	οἷον	οἵω	οἵᾱ	οἵω	οἷοι	οἷαι	οἷᾰ
Genitive	οἵου	οἵᾱς	οἵου	οἵοιν	οἵαιν	οἵοιν	οἵων	οἵων	οἵων
Dative	οἵῳ	οἵᾳ	οἵῳ	οἵοιν	οἵαιν	οἵοιν	οἵοις	οἵαις	οἵοις
Accusative	οἷον	οἵᾱν	οἷον	οἵω	οἵᾱ	οἵω	οἵους	οἵᾱς	οἷᾰ
Vocative	οἷε	οἵᾱ	οἷον	οἵω	οἵᾱ	οἵω	οἷοι	οἷαι	οἷᾰ
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	οἵως			οἱότερος			οἱότᾰτος
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Declension of οἷος; οἵᾱ; οἷον (Epic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	οἷος	οἵᾱ	οἷον	οἵω	οἵᾱ	οἵω	οἷοι	οἷαι	οἷᾰ
Genitive	οἵου / οἱοῖο / οἵοιο / οἱόο / οἵοο	οἵᾱς	οἵου / οἱοῖο / οἵοιο / οἱόο / οἵοο	οἵοιῐν	οἵαι(ῐ)ν or οἵῃῐν	οἵοιῐν	οἵων	οἵων	οἵων
Dative	οἵῳ	οἵᾳ	οἵῳ	οἵοιῐν	οἵαι(ῐ)ν or οἵῃῐν	οἵοιῐν	οἵοισῐ / οἵοις	οἵῃσῐ / οἵῃς / οἵαις	οἵοισῐ / οἵοις
Accusative	οἷον	οἵᾱν	οἷον	οἵω	οἵᾱ	οἵω	οἵους	οἵᾱς	οἷᾰ
Vocative	οἷε	οἵᾱ	οἷον	οἵω	οἵᾱ	οἵω	οἷοι	οἷαι	οἷᾰ
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	οἵως			οἱότερος			οἱότᾰτος
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Declension of οἷος; οἵᾱ; οἷον (Ionic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	οἷος	οἵᾱ	οἷον	οἵω	οἵᾱ	οἵω	οἷοι	οἷαι	οἷᾰ
Genitive	οἵου	οἵᾱς	οἵου	οἵοιν	οἵαιν	οἵοιν	οἵων	οἵων	οἵων
Dative	οἵῳ	οἵᾳ	οἵῳ	οἵοιν	οἵαιν	οἵοιν	οἵοισῐ(ν)	οἵῃσῐ(ν)	οἵοισῐ(ν)
Accusative	οἷον	οἵᾱν	οἷον	οἵω	οἵᾱ	οἵω	οἵους	οἵᾱς	οἷᾰ
Vocative	οἷε	οἵᾱ	οἷον	οἵω	οἵᾱ	οἵω	οἷοι	οἷαι	οἷᾰ
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	οἵως			οἱότερος			οἱότᾰτος
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms

ἄλλοιος ‎(álloios)
ἑτεροῖος ‎(heteroîos)
ὅμοιος ‎(hómoios)
- ἀνόμοιος ‎(anómoios)
- παρόμοιος ‎(parómoios)
- προσόμοιος ‎(prosómoios)
παντοῖος ‎(pantoîos)

Related terms

ποῖος ‎(poîos), ποιός ‎(poiós), τοῖος ‎(toîos), τοιοῦτος ‎(toioûtos), τοιόσδε ‎(toiósde), ὁποῖος ‎(hopoîos)

References

οἷος in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
οἷος in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
οἷος in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
«οἷος» in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
«οἷος» in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English-Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- kind idem, page 469.
- sort idem, page 795.
- such idem, page 834.

Definify.com

Definition 2024

οἷος

οἷος

Ancient Greek

Adjective

Inflection

Derived terms

Related terms

References

Etymology

Pronunciation

Similar Results