Definify.com

Definition 2024

φύω

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

φυίω ‎(phuíō) (Aeolic)

Verb

φύω • ‎(phúō) future: φύσω/φυήσω aorist: ἔφυσα/ἔφυν perfect active: πέφυκα

(transitive) To bring forth, produce, generate, cause to grow
(transitive) To beget, bear, give birth to
(intransitive) To grow, arise, spring up
(intransitive, present tense) to become [+adjective]
(intransitive, aorist and perfect)
(copulative) To be by nature [+adjective]
(intransitive) To be naturally disposed to, prone [+infinitive = to do]
(impersonal) It is natural, happens naturally [+infinitive = that ...]
to be one's natural lot [+dative = someone's]

Inflection

Present active, future active, and 1st aorist active are transitive; others are intransitive.

Present: φύω, φύομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	φύω	φύεις	φύει	φύετον	φύετον	φύομεν	φύετε	φύουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	φύω	φύῃς	φύῃ	φύητον	φύητον	φύωμεν	φύητε	φύωσῐ(ν)
	optative	φύοιμῐ	φύοις	φύοι	φύοιτον	φυοίτην	φύοιμεν	φύοιτε	φύοιεν
	imperative		φῦε	φυέτω	φύετον	φυέτων		φύετε	φυόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	φύομαι	φύῃ, φύει	φύεται	φύεσθον	φύεσθον	φυόμεθᾰ	φύεσθε	φύονται
	subjunctive	φύωμαι	φύῃ	φύηται	φύησθον	φύησθον	φυώμεθᾰ	φύησθε	φύωνται
	optative	φυοίμην	φύοιο	φύοιτο	φύοισθον	φυοίσθην	φυοίμεθᾰ	φύοισθε	φύοιντο
	imperative		φύου	φυέσθω	φύεσθον	φυέσθων		φύεσθε	φυέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		φύειν				φύεσθαι
participle	m	φύων				φυόμενος
	f	φύουσᾰ				φυομένη
	n	φῦον				φυόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: ἔφυον, ἐφυόμην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἔφυον	ἔφυες	ἔφυε(ν)	ἐφύετον	ἐφυέτην	ἐφύομεν	ἐφύετε	ἔφυον
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐφυόμην	ἐφύου	ἐφύετο	ἐφύεσθον	ἐφυέσθην	ἐφυόμεθᾰ	ἐφύεσθε	ἐφύοντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Future: φῡ́σω, φῡ́σομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	φῡ́σω	φῡ́σεις	φῡ́σει	φῡ́σετον	φῡ́σετον	φῡ́σομεν	φῡ́σετε	φῡ́σουσῐ(ν)
active	optative	φῡ́σοιμῐ	φῡ́σοις	φῡ́σοι	φῡ́σοιτον	φῡ́σοίτην	φῡ́σοιμεν	φῡ́σοιτε	φῡ́σοιεν
middle	indicative	φῡ́σομαι	φῡ́σῃ, φῡ́σει	φῡ́σεται	φῡ́σεσθον	φῡ́σεσθον	φῡ́σόμεθᾰ	φῡ́σεσθε	φῡ́σονται
middle	optative	φῡ́σοίμην	φῡ́σοιο	φῡ́σοιτο	φῡ́σοισθον	φῡ́σοίσθην	φῡ́σοίμεθᾰ	φῡ́σοισθε	φῡ́σοιντο
		active			middle
infinitive		φῡ́σειν			φῡ́σεσθαι
participle	m	φῡ́σων			φῡ́σόμενος
	f	φῡ́σουσᾰ			φῡ́σομένη
	n	φῡ́σον			φῡ́σόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Future: φυήσω, φυήσομαι Koine, Byzantine

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	φυήσω	φυήσεις	φυήσει	φυήσετον	φυήσετον	φυήσομεν	φυήσετε	φυήσουσῐ(ν)
active	optative	φυήσοιμῐ	φυήσοις	φυήσοι	φυήσοιτον	φυησοίτην	φυήσοιμεν	φυήσοιτε	φυήσοιεν
middle	indicative	φυήσομαι	φυήσῃ, φυήσει	φυήσεται	φυήσεσθον	φυήσεσθον	φυησόμεθᾰ	φυήσεσθε	φυήσονται
middle	optative	φυησοίμην	φυήσοιο	φυήσοιτο	φυήσοισθον	φυησοίσθην	φυησοίμεθᾰ	φυήσοισθε	φυήσοιντο
		active			middle
infinitive		φυήσειν			φυήσεσθαι
participle	m	φυήσων			φυησόμενος
	f	φυήσουσᾰ			φυησομένη
	n	φυῆσον			φυησόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: ἔφῡσᾰ, ἐφῡσᾰ́μην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἔφῡσᾰ	ἔφῡσᾰς	ἔφῡσε(ν)	ἐφῡ́σᾰτον	ἐφῡσᾰ́την	ἐφῡ́σᾰμεν	ἐφῡ́σᾰτε	ἔφῡσᾰν
	subjunctive	φῡ́σω	φῡ́σῃς	φῡ́σῃ	φῡ́σητον	φῡ́σητον	φῡ́σωμεν	φῡ́σητε	φῡ́σωσῐ(ν)
	optative	φῡ́σαιμῐ	φῡ́σειᾰς, φῡ́σαις	φῡ́σειε(ν), φῡ́σαι	φῡ́σαιτον	φῡσαίτην	φῡ́σαιμεν	φῡ́σαιτε	φῡ́σειᾰν, φῡ́σαιεν
	imperative		φῦσον	φῡσᾰ́τω	φῡ́σᾰτον	φῡσᾰ́των		φῡ́σᾰτε	φῡσᾰ́ντων
middle	indicative	ἐφῡσᾰ́μην	ἐφῡ́σω	ἐφῡ́σᾰτο	ἐφῡ́σᾰσθον	ἐφῡσᾰ́σθην	ἐφῡσᾰ́μεθᾰ	ἐφῡ́σᾰσθε	ἐφῡ́σᾰντο
	subjunctive	φῡ́σωμαι	φῡ́σῃ	φῡ́σηται	φῡ́σησθον	φῡ́σησθον	φῡσώμεθᾰ	φῡ́σησθε	φῡ́σωνται
	optative	φῡσαίμην	φῡ́σαιο	φῡ́σαιτο	φῡ́σαισθον	φῡσαίσθην	φῡσαίμεθᾰ	φῡ́σαισθε	φῡ́σαιντο
	imperative		φῦσαι	φῡσᾰ́σθω	φῡ́σᾰσθον	φῡσᾰ́σθων		φῡ́σᾰσθε	φῡσᾰ́σθων
		active			middle
infinitive		φῦσαι			φῡ́σᾰσθαι
participle	m	φῡ́σᾱς			φῡσᾰ́μενος
	f	φῡ́σᾱσᾰ			φῡσᾰμένη
	n	φῦσᾰν			φῡσᾰ́μενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: ἔφῡν

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἔφῡν	ἔφῡς	ἔφῡ	ἔφῡτον	ἐφῡ́την	ἔφῡμεν	ἔφῡτε	ἔφῡσᾰν
	subjunctive	φῠ́ω	φῠ́ῃς	φῠ́ῃ	φῠ́ητον	φῠ́ητον	φῠ́ωμεν	φῠ́ωτε	φῠ́ωσῐ(ν)
	optative
	imperative		φῦθῐ	φῡ́τω	φῦτον	φῡ́των		φῦτε	φῡ́ντων
middle	indicative
	subjunctive
	optative
	imperative
		active			middle
infinitive		φῦναι
participle	m	φῡ́ς
	f	φῦσᾰ
	n	φῠ́ν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Perfect: πέφυκᾰ

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	πέφυκᾰ	πέφυκᾰς	πέφυκε(ν)	πεφύκᾰτον	πεφύκᾰτον	πεφύκᾰμεν	πεφύκᾰτε	πεφύκᾱσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	πεφύκω	πεφύκῃς	πεφύκῃ	πεφύκητον	πεφύκητον	πεφύκωμεν	πεφύκητε	πεφύκωσῐ(ν)
	optative	πεφύκοιμῐ, πεφυκοίην	πεφύκοις, πεφυκοίης	πεφύκοι, πεφυκοίη	πεφύκοιτον	πεφυκοίτην	πεφύκοιμεν	πεφύκοιτε	πεφύκοιεν
	imperative		πέφυκε	πεφυκέτω	πεφύκετον	πεφυκέτων		πεφύκετε	πεφυκόντων
		active
infinitive		πεφυκέναι
participle	m	πεφυκώς
	f	πεφυκυῖᾰ
	n	πεφυκός
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

φύσις ‎(phúsis)
φυτόν ‎(phutón)

Related terms

φῡλή ‎(phūlḗ)

References

φύω in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
φύω in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
φύω in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
«φύω» in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
φύω in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
“G5453”, in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979
BDAG

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- ‎(“to appear, become, rise up”). Cognates include Old Armenian բոյս ‎(boys, “plant”), Sanskrit भवति ‎(bhavati), Avestan 𐬠𐬎 ‎(bu), Latin fuī ‎(“I was”), Old English bēon (English be), and Albanian bëj.

Pronunciation

5th BC Attic: IPA: /pʰý.ɔː/ ambiguous vowel ύ at 2
1st BC Egyptian: IPA: /ˈpʰy.o/
4th AD Koine: IPA: /ˈɸy.o/
10th AD Byzantine: IPA: /ˈfy.o/
15th AD Constantinopolitan: IPA: /ˈfi.o/