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Definition 2024

هم

See also: ہم

Arabic

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /hʊm/

Pronoun

هُمْ • ‎(hum) m pl (enclitic form ـهُم ‎(-hum) or ـهِم ‎(-him))

they (masculine plural subject pronoun)

Isolated pronouns
	singular	dual	plural
1st person	أَنَا ‎(ʾanā)	نَحْنُ ‎(naḥnu)
2nd person	m	أَنْتَ ‎(ʾanta)	أَنْتُمَا ‎(ʾantumā)*	أَنْتُمْ ‎(ʾantum)
f	أَنْتِ ‎(ʾanti)	أَنْتُنَّ ‎(ʾantunna)*
3rd person	m	هُوَ ‎(huwa)	هُمَا ‎(humā)*	هُمْ ‎(hum)
f	هِيَ ‎(hiya)	هُنَّ ‎(hunna)*
Enclitic pronouns
	singular	dual	plural
1st person	ـنِي ‎(-nī)/ـي ‎(-ī)/ـيَ ‎(-ya)**	ـنَا ‎(-nā)
2nd person	m	ـكَ ‎(-ka)	ـكُمَا ‎(-kumā)	ـكُم ‎(-kum)
f	ـكِ ‎(-ki)	ـكُنَّ ‎(-kunna)
3rd person	m	ـهُ ‎(-hu)/ـهِ ‎(-hi)***	ـهُمَا ‎(-humā)/ـهِمَا ‎(-himā)***	ـهُم ‎(-hum)/ـهِم ‎(-him)***
f	ـهَا ‎(-hā)	ـهُنَّ ‎(-hunna)/ـهِنَّ ‎(-hinna)***
* Modern Standard Arabic avoids these pronouns, though they are used in Classical Arabic. Specifically, ـنِي ‎(-nī) 'me' is attached to verbs, but ـي ‎(-ī)/ـيَ ‎(-ya) 'my' is attached to nouns. In the latter case, ـيَ ‎(-ya) is attached to nouns whose construct state ends in a long vowel or diphthong (e.g. in the sound masculine plural and the dual), while ـي ‎(-ī) is attached to nouns whose construct state ends in a short vowel, in which case that vowel is elided (e.g. in the sound feminine plural, as well as the singular and broken plural of most nouns). Furthermore, -ū of the masculine sound plural is assimilated to -ī before ـيَ ‎(-ya) (presumably, -aw of masculine defective -an plurals is similarly assimilated to -ay). Prepositions use ـي ‎(-ī)/ـيَ ‎(-ya), even though in this case it has the meaning of "me" (rather than "my"). The "sisters of inna" can use either form (e.g. إِنَّنِي ‎(innanī) or إِنِّي ‎(innī)), but the longer form (e.g. إِنَّنِي ‎(innanī)) is usually preferred. * ـهُـ ‎(-hu-) occurs after the vowels ending in u or a (-a, -ā, -u, -ū, -aw), while ـهِـ ‎(-hi-) occurs after vowels ending in i (-i, -ī, -ay).

Etymology 2

Suffix

ـهُمْ or ـهِمْ • ‎(-hum or -him) m pl (enclitic form of هُم ‎(hum))

them, their (masculine plural bound object pronoun)

Etymology 3

Verb

هَمَّ • ‎(hamma) I, non-past يَهُمُّ‎ (yahummu)

to disquiet, to make uneasy, to distress
to grieve
to preoccupy, to concern, to affect
to be of interest

Conjugation

Conjugation of

هَمَّ

(form-I geminate, verbal nouns هَمّ or مَهَمَّة)

active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر					هَمّ or مَهَمَّة hamm or mahamma
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					هَامّ hāmm
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مَهْمُوم mahmūm
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	هَمَمْتُ hamamtu	هَمَمْتَ hamamta	هَمَّ hamma	هَمَمْتُمَا hamamtumā	هَمَّا hammā	هَمَمْنَا hamamnā	هَمَمْتُمْ hamamtum	هَمُّوا hammū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	هَمَمْتُ hamamtu	هَمَمْتِ hamamti	هَمَّتْ hammat	هَمَمْتُمَا hamamtumā	هَمَّتَا hammatā	هَمَمْنَا hamamnā	هَمَمْتُنَّ hamamtunna	هَمَمْنَ hamamna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع	m	أَهُمُّ ʾahummu	تَهُمُّ tahummu	يَهُمُّ yahummu	تَهُمَّانِ tahummāni	يَهُمَّانِ yahummāni	نَهُمُّ nahummu	تَهُمُّونَ tahummūna	يَهُمُّونَ yahummūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع	f	أَهُمُّ ʾahummu	تَهُمِّينَ tahummīna	تَهُمُّ tahummu	تَهُمَّانِ tahummāni	تَهُمَّانِ tahummāni	نَهُمُّ nahummu	تَهْمُمْنَ tahmumna	يَهْمُمْنَ yahmumna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَهُمَّ ʾahumma	تَهُمَّ tahumma	يَهُمَّ yahumma	تَهُمَّا tahummā	يَهُمَّا yahummā	نَهُمَّ nahumma	تَهُمُّو tahummū	يَهُمُّو yahummū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أَهُمَّ ʾahumma	تَهُمِّي tahummī	تَهُمَّ tahumma	تَهُمَّا tahummā	تَهُمَّا tahummā	نَهُمَّ nahumma	تَهْمُمْنَ tahmumna	يَهْمُمْنَ yahmumna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَهُمَّ or أَهُمِّ or أَهْمُمْ ʾahumma or ʾahummi or ʾahmum	تَهُمَّ or تَهُمِّ or تَهْمُمْ tahumma or tahummi or tahmum	يَهُمَّ or يَهُمِّ or يَهْمُمْ yahumma or yahummi or yahmum	تَهُمَّا tahummā	يَهُمَّا yahummā	نَهُمَّ or نَهُمِّ or نَهْمُمْ nahumma or nahummi or nahmum	تَهُمُّو tahummū	يَهُمُّو yahummū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f		تَهُمِّي tahummī	تَهُمَّ or تَهُمِّ or تَهْمُمْ tahumma or tahummi or tahmum	تَهُمَّا tahummā	تَهُمَّا tahummā		تَهْمُمْنَ tahmumna	يَهْمُمْنَ yahmumna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		هُمَّ or هُمِّ or اُهْمُمْ humma or hummi or uhmum		هُمَّا hummā			هُمُّو hummū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		هُمِّي hummī		هُمَّا hummā			اُهْمُمْنَ uhmumna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	هُمِمْتُ humimtu	هُمِمْتَ humimta	هُمَّ humma	هُمِمْتُمَا humimtumā	هُمَّا hummā	هُمِمْنَا humimnā	هُمِمْتُمْ humimtum	هُمُّوا hummū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	هُمِمْتُ humimtu	هُمِمْتِ humimti	هُمَّتْ hummat	هُمِمْتُمَا humimtumā	هُمَّتَا hummatā	هُمِمْنَا humimnā	هُمِمْتُنَّ humimtunna	هُمِمْنَ humimna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع	m	أُهَمُّ ʾuhammu	تُهَمُّ tuhammu	يُهَمُّ yuhammu	تُهَمَّانِ tuhammāni	يُهَمَّانِ yuhammāni	نُهَمُّ nuhammu	تُهَمُّونَ tuhammūna	يُهَمُّونَ yuhammūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع	f	أُهَمُّ ʾuhammu	تُهَمِّينَ tuhammīna	تُهَمُّ tuhammu	تُهَمَّانِ tuhammāni	تُهَمَّانِ tuhammāni	نُهَمُّ nuhammu	تُهْمَمْنَ tuhmamna	يُهْمَمْنَ yuhmamna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُهَمَّ ʾuhamma	تُهَمَّ tuhamma	يُهَمَّ yuhamma	تُهَمَّا tuhammā	يُهَمَّا yuhammā	نُهَمَّ nuhamma	تُهَمُّو tuhammū	يُهَمُّو yuhammū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُهَمَّ ʾuhamma	تُهَمِّي tuhammī	تُهَمَّ tuhamma	تُهَمَّا tuhammā	تُهَمَّا tuhammā	نُهَمَّ nuhamma	تُهْمَمْنَ tuhmamna	يُهْمَمْنَ yuhmamna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُهَمَّ or أُهَمِّ or أُهْمَمْ ʾuhamma or ʾuhammi or ʾuhmam	تُهَمَّ or تُهَمِّ or تُهْمَمْ tuhamma or tuhammi or tuhmam	يُهَمَّ or يُهَمِّ or يُهْمَمْ yuhamma or yuhammi or yuhmam	تُهَمَّا tuhammā	يُهَمَّا yuhammā	نُهَمَّ or نُهَمِّ or نُهْمَمْ nuhamma or nuhammi or nuhmam	تُهَمُّو tuhammū	يُهَمُّو yuhammū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f		تُهَمِّي tuhammī	تُهَمَّ or تُهَمِّ or تُهْمَمْ tuhamma or tuhammi or tuhmam	تُهَمَّا tuhammā	تُهَمَّا tuhammā		تُهْمَمْنَ tuhmamna	يُهْمَمْنَ yuhmamna

References

Wehr, Hans (1976), “هم”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 3rd edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, ISBN 0-87950-001-8

Etymology 4

Noun

هَمّ • ‎(hamm) m ‎(plural هُمُوم ‎(humūm))

verbal noun of هَمَّ ‎(hamma) (form I)
anxiety, concern, worry, care
sorrow, grief, affliction, distress
weight, moment, importance

Declension

Declension of noun هَمّ (hamm)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	هَمّ hamm	الْهَمّ al-hamm	هَمّ hamm
Nominative	هَمٌّ hammun	الْهَمُّ al-hammu	هَمُّ hammu
Accusative	هَمًّا hamman	الْهَمَّ al-hamma	هَمَّ hamma
Genitive	هَمٍّ hammin	الْهَمِّ al-hammi	هَمِّ hammi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	هَمَّيْن hammayn	الْهَمَّيْن al-hammayn	هَمَّيْ hammay
Nominative	هَمَّانِ hammāni	الْهَمَّانِ al-hammāni	هَمَّا hammā
Accusative	هَمَّيْنِ hammayni	الْهَمَّيْنِ al-hammayni	هَمَّيْ hammay
Genitive	هَمَّيْنِ hammayni	الْهَمَّيْنِ al-hammayni	هَمَّيْ hammay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
Plural	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	هُمُوم humūm	الْهُمُوم al-humūm	هُمُوم humūm
Nominative	هُمُومٌ humūmun	الْهُمُومُ al-humūmu	هُمُومُ humūmu
Accusative	هُمُومًا humūman	الْهُمُومَ al-humūma	هُمُومَ humūma
Genitive	هُمُومٍ humūmin	الْهُمُومِ al-humūmi	هُمُومِ humūmi

Etymology 5

Adjective

هِمّ • ‎(himm) ‎(feminine هِمَّة ‎(himma), masculine plural أَهْمَام ‎(ʾahmām), feminine plural هَمَائِم ‎(hamāʾim) or هِمَّات ‎(himmāt))

decrepit, senile

Declension

Declension of adjective هِمّ (himm)

Singular	Masculine		Feminine
	basic singular triptote		singular triptote in ـَة ‎(-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	هِمّ himm	الْهِمّ al-himm	هِمَّة himma	الْهِمَّة al-himma
Nominative	هِمٌّ himmun	الْهِمُّ al-himmu	هِمَّةٌ himmatun	الْهِمَّةُ al-himmatu
Accusative	هِمًّا himman	الْهِمَّ al-himma	هِمَّةً himmatan	الْهِمَّةَ al-himmata
Genitive	هِمٍّ himmin	الْهِمِّ al-himmi	هِمَّةٍ himmatin	الْهِمَّةِ al-himmati
Dual	Masculine		Feminine
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	هِمَّيْن himmayn	الْهِمَّيْن al-himmayn	هِمَّتَيْن himmatayn	الْهِمَّتَيْن al-himmatayn
Nominative	هِمَّانِ himmāni	الْهِمَّانِ al-himmāni	هِمَّتَانِ himmatāni	الْهِمَّتَانِ al-himmatāni
Accusative	هِمَّيْنِ himmayni	الْهِمَّيْنِ al-himmayni	هِمَّتَيْنِ himmatayni	الْهِمَّتَيْنِ al-himmatayni
Genitive	هِمَّيْنِ himmayni	الْهِمَّيْنِ al-himmayni	هِمَّتَيْنِ himmatayni	الْهِمَّتَيْنِ al-himmatayni
Plural	Masculine		Feminine
	basic broken plural triptote		basic broken plural diptote‎; sound feminine plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	أَهْمَام ʾahmām	الْأَهْمَام al-ʾahmām	هَمَائِم‎; هِمَّات hamāʾim‎; himmāt	الْهَمَائِم‎; الْهِمَّات al-hamāʾim‎; al-himmāt
Nominative	أَهْمَامٌ ʾahmāmun	الْأَهْمَامُ al-ʾahmāmu	هَمَائِمُ‎; هِمَّاتٌ hamāʾimu‎; himmātun	الْهَمَائِمُ‎; الْهِمَّاتُ al-hamāʾimu‎; al-himmātu
Accusative	أَهْمَامًا ʾahmāman	الْأَهْمَامَ al-ʾahmāma	هَمَائِمَ‎; هِمَّاتٍ hamāʾima‎; himmātin	الْهَمَائِمَ‎; الْهِمَّاتِ al-hamāʾima‎; al-himmāti
Genitive	أَهْمَامٍ ʾahmāmin	الْأَهْمَامِ al-ʾahmāmi	هَمَائِمَ‎; هِمَّاتٍ hamāʾima‎; himmātin	الْهَمَائِمِ‎; الْهِمَّاتِ al-hamāʾimi‎; al-himmāti

References

Wehr, Hans (1979), “هم”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, ISBN 0-87950-003-4

Noun

هِمّ • ‎(himm) m ‎(plural أَهْمَام ‎(ʾahmām), feminine هِمَّة ‎(himma))

old man

Declension

Declension of noun هِمّ (himm)

Singular	Masculine			Feminine
	basic singular triptote			singular triptote in ـَة ‎(-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	هِمّ himm	الْهِمّ al-himm	هِمّ himm	هِمَّة himma	الْهِمَّة al-himma	هِمَّة himmat
Nominative	هِمٌّ himmun	الْهِمُّ al-himmu	هِمُّ himmu	هِمَّةٌ himmatun	الْهِمَّةُ al-himmatu	هِمَّةُ himmatu
Accusative	هِمًّا himman	الْهِمَّ al-himma	هِمَّ himma	هِمَّةً himmatan	الْهِمَّةَ al-himmata	هِمَّةَ himmata
Genitive	هِمٍّ himmin	الْهِمِّ al-himmi	هِمِّ himmi	هِمَّةٍ himmatin	الْهِمَّةِ al-himmati	هِمَّةِ himmati
Dual	Masculine			Feminine
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	هِمَّيْن himmayn	الْهِمَّيْن al-himmayn	هِمَّيْ himmay	هِمَّتَيْن himmatayn	الْهِمَّتَيْن al-himmatayn	هِمَّتَيْ himmatay
Nominative	هِمَّانِ himmāni	الْهِمَّانِ al-himmāni	هِمَّا himmā	هِمَّتَانِ himmatāni	الْهِمَّتَانِ al-himmatāni	هِمَّتَا himmatā
Accusative	هِمَّيْنِ himmayni	الْهِمَّيْنِ al-himmayni	هِمَّيْ himmay	هِمَّتَيْنِ himmatayni	الْهِمَّتَيْنِ al-himmatayni	هِمَّتَيْ himmatay
Genitive	هِمَّيْنِ himmayni	الْهِمَّيْنِ al-himmayni	هِمَّيْ himmay	هِمَّتَيْنِ himmatayni	الْهِمَّتَيْنِ al-himmatayni	هِمَّتَيْ himmatay
Plural	Masculine			Feminine
	basic broken plural triptote			basic broken plural diptote‎; sound feminine plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَهْمَام ʾahmām	الْأَهْمَام al-ʾahmām	أَهْمَام ʾahmām	هَمَائِم‎; هِمَّات hamāʾim‎; himmāt	الْهَمَائِم‎; الْهِمَّات al-hamāʾim‎; al-himmāt	هَمَائِم‎; هِمَّات hamāʾim‎; himmāt
Nominative	أَهْمَامٌ ʾahmāmun	الْأَهْمَامُ al-ʾahmāmu	أَهْمَامُ ʾahmāmu	هَمَائِمُ‎; هِمَّاتٌ hamāʾimu‎; himmātun	الْهَمَائِمُ‎; الْهِمَّاتُ al-hamāʾimu‎; al-himmātu	هَمَائِمُ‎; هِمَّاتُ hamāʾimu‎; himmātu
Accusative	أَهْمَامًا ʾahmāman	الْأَهْمَامَ al-ʾahmāma	أَهْمَامَ ʾahmāma	هَمَائِمَ‎; هِمَّاتٍ hamāʾima‎; himmātin	الْهَمَائِمَ‎; الْهِمَّاتِ al-hamāʾima‎; al-himmāti	هَمَائِمَ‎; هِمَّاتِ hamāʾima‎; himmāti
Genitive	أَهْمَامٍ ʾahmāmin	الْأَهْمَامِ al-ʾahmāmi	أَهْمَامِ ʾahmāmi	هَمَائِمَ‎; هِمَّاتٍ hamāʾima‎; himmātin	الْهَمَائِمِ‎; الْهِمَّاتِ al-hamāʾimi‎; al-himmāti	هَمَائِمِ‎; هِمَّاتِ hamāʾimi‎; himmāti

References

Wehr, Hans (1979), “هم”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, ISBN 0-87950-003-4

Egyptian Arabic

Pronoun

هم • ‎(humm) pl

they

Suffix

ـهم • ‎(-hum) pl

them, their

Persian

Alternative forms

ـم ‎(-am) (colloquial)

Etymology

From Middle Persian hm ‎(ham, “also, same”), from Old Persian 𐏃𐎶 ‎(ham(a), “same, together”), from Proto-Iranian [Term?], from Proto-Indo-Iranian [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European *somHós ‎(“same”) (compare English same).

Pronunciation

(Iranian Persian, Dari) IPA^(key): [hæm]
(colloquial) IPA^(key): [æm]

Adverb

هم • ‎(ham)

also, too
از این کتاب هم خوشم می‌آد.
Az in ketâb am xošam mi-âd.
I like this book, also.
similarly

Usage notes

‎(ham) directly follows the word or phrase it modifies.

از این کتاب هم خوشم می‌آد.

Az in ketâb am xošam mi-âd.

I like this book, also.

من هم از این کتاب خوشم می‌آد.

Man am az in ketâb xošam mi-âd.

I also like this book.

Derived terms

هم‌اکنون ‎(ham-aknun)
هماهنگ ‎(hamâhang)
همجنس‌باز ‎(hamjens-bâz)
همدردی ‎(hamdardi)
همدم ‎(hamdam)
همکلاس ‎(hamkelâs)

همسایه ‎(hamsâye)
همسر ‎(hamsar)
همشیره ‎(hamšire)
هموطن ‎(hamvatan)
همراه ‎(hamrâh)

References

MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), “ham”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 39

Tunisian Arabic

Suffix

ـهُمْ ‎(-hum) pl

them, their

Definify.com

Definition 2024

هم

هم

Arabic

Pronunciation

Pronoun

See also

Etymology 2

Suffix

Etymology 3

Verb

Conjugation

References

Etymology 4

Noun

Declension

Etymology 5

Adjective

Declension

References

Noun

Declension

References

Egyptian Arabic

Pronoun

Suffix

Persian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Adverb

Usage notes

Derived terms

References

Tunisian Arabic

Suffix

Etymology

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