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Definition 2024


U+51DD, 凝
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-51DD

[U+51DC]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+51DE]

Translingual

Han character

(radical 15 +14, 16 strokes, cangjie input 戈一心大人 (IMPKO), four-corner 37181, composition)

References

  • KangXi: page 133, character 45
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1720
  • Dae Jaweon: page 298, character 27
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 301, character 18
  • Unihan data for U+51DD

Chinese

simp. and trad.
alt. forms
𣲝
𡷪
𠘥

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*ŋɯːs
*ŋɯːs, *hŋɯːs, *ŋɯʔ, *ŋɯs
*ŋɯːs, *ŋɯɡ
*ŋrɯːs, *ŋɯʔ, *ŋɯs
*ŋ̥ʰl'ɯ
*ŋɯ
*ŋɯ, *ŋɯɡ
*ŋɯ
*ŋɯʔ
*ŋɯʔ, *ŋɯɡ
*ŋrɯŋ, *ŋrɯŋs

Pronunciation



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /niŋ³⁵/
Harbin /niŋ²⁴/ ~固
/niŋ⁵³/ 肉湯~了
Tianjin /niŋ⁴⁵/
Jinan /ȵiŋ⁴²/
/iŋ⁴²/
Qingdao /niŋ⁴²/
/iŋ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /niŋ⁴²/
/iŋ⁴²/
Xi'an /niŋ²⁴/
Xining /ȵiə̃²⁴/
Yinchuan /niŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /ȵĩn⁵³/
/lĩn⁵³/
Ürümqi /ȵiŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /nin²¹³/
Chengdu /ȵin³¹/
Guiyang /nin²¹/
Kunming /nĩ³¹/
Nanjing /lin²⁴/
Hefei /lin⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /niəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /ȵiŋ¹³/
Hohhot /nĩŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ȵiŋ²³/
Suzhou /ȵin¹³/
Hangzhou /ȵin²¹³/
Wenzhou /ȵaŋ³¹/
Hui Shexian /niʌ̃⁴⁴/
Tunxi
Xiang Changsha /ȵin¹³/
Xiangtan /ȵin¹²/
Gan Nanchang
Hakka Meixian /kʰen¹¹/
Taoyuan
Cantonese Guangzhou /jeŋ²¹/
Nanning /neŋ²¹/
Hong Kong /jiŋ²¹/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /giŋ³⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /ŋiŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /ŋi²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan) /ŋeŋ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /ŋeŋ³¹/
/xeŋ³¹/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial () (31) (31)
Final () (133) (133)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () III III
Fanqie 𩜁切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ŋɨŋ/ /ŋɨŋH/
Pan
Wuyun
/ŋɨŋ/ /ŋɨŋH/
Shao
Rongfen
/ŋieŋ/ /ŋieŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ŋiŋ/ /ŋiŋH/
Li
Rong
/ŋiəŋ/ /ŋiəŋH/
Wang
Li
/ŋĭəŋ/ /ŋĭəŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ŋi̯əŋ/ /ŋi̯əŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
yíng yìng
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
níng
Middle
Chinese
‹ nging ›
Old
Chinese
/*[ŋ](r)əŋ/ (< uvular?)
English freeze, coagulate

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 14902 14903
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0 0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ŋrɯŋ/ /*ŋrɯŋs/

Definitions

  1. to coagulate; to congeal; to freeze
  2. to focus; to concentrate
  3. (Teochew) cold; (of weather) chilly
    [Teochew]   ngang5 si2 [Peng'im]   very cold

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of (“cold”)
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)
Mandarin Beijing
Taiwan
Jinan
Xi'an
Wuhan 、冷凊
Chengdu
Yangzhou
Hefei
Cantonese Guangzhou
Hong Kong
Taishan
Yangjiang
Gan Nanchang
Hakka Meixian
Miaoli (N. Sixian)
Liudui (S. Sixian) 、寒人
Hsinchu (Hailu)
Dongshi (Dabu)
Zhuolan (Raoping)
Yunlin (Zhao'an)
Jin Taiyuan
Min Bei Jian'ou
Min Dong Fuzhou
Min Nan Quanzhou
Xiamen
Zhangzhou
Taipei
Chaozhou
Shantou
Wu Suzhou
Wenzhou
Xiang Changsha
Shuangfeng

Compounds

  • 冷凝
  • 冷凝劑冷凝剂
  • 冷凝器
  • 冷凝管
  • 凝乳 (níngrǔ)
  • 凝佇凝伫
  • 凝冱
  • 凝凍凝冻
  • 凝凝
  • 凝咽
  • 凝固 (nínggù)
  • 凝固劑凝固剂
  • 凝固點凝固点
  • 凝妝凝妆
  • 凝寒
  • 凝思
  • 凝想
  • 凝態凝态
  • 凝慮凝虑
  • 凝望 (níngwàng)
  • 凝水石
  • 凝滯凝滞
  • 凝灰岩 (nínghuīyán)
  • 凝然
  • 凝目
  • 凝眄
  • 凝眸
  • 凝睇 (níngdì)
  • 凝神
  • 凝結凝结 (níngjié)
  • 凝結作用凝结作用
  • 凝結反應凝结反应
  • 凝網凝网
  • 凝練凝练 (níngliàn)
  • 凝聚 (níngjù)
  • 凝聚力 (níngjùlì)
  • 凝聽凝听
  • 凝脂 (níngzhī)
  • 凝膠體凝胶体
  • 凝血因子
  • 凝血現象凝血现象
  • 凝血障礙凝血障碍
  • 凝視凝视 (níngshì)
  • 凝視點凝视点
  • 凝重 (níngzhòng)
  • 凝鍊凝炼 (níngliàn)
  • 凝集 (níngjí)
  • 凝雨
  • 凝霜
  • 凝霰
  • 凝香
  • 屏息凝氣屏息凝气
  • 屏息凝視屏息凝视
  • 屏氣凝神屏气凝神
  • 抗凝血劑抗凝血剂
  • 混凝
  • 混凝劑混凝剂
  • 混凝土 (hùnníngtǔ)
  • 端凝
  • 血液凝固
  • 酸凝酪 (suānnínglào)

Japanese

Kanji

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. congeal

Readings

Compounds


Korean

Hanja

(eung) (hangeul , revised eung, McCune-Reischauer ŭng, Yale ung)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

(ngưng, ngừng)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.