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Definition 2024
牛
牛
See also: 午
Translingual
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| |||
Alternative forms
- 牜 (when used as a left Radical)
Han character
牛 (radical 93 牛+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 竹手 (HQ), four-corner 25000)
- Kangxi radical #93, ⽜ (“cow”).
- Shuōwén Jiězì radical №19
Derived characters
- Index:Chinese radical/牛
- 件
References
- KangXi: page 697, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19922
- Dae Jaweon: page 1108, character 16
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 1800, character 1
- Unihan data for U+725B
Chinese
|
simp. and trad. |
牛 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 牛
| ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bamboo and silk script | Large seal script | Small seal script |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
Pictogram (象形) .
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ŋwa.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): ngau4
- Gan (Wiktionary): nyiu4 / ngieu4
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngiù
- Jin (Wiktionary): niou1
- Min Dong (BUC): ngù / ngiù
- Min Nan (POJ): gû / giû / ngiû
- Wu (Wiktionary): nyieu (T3)
- Xiang (Wiktionary): nyiou2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄡˊ
- Wade-Giles: niu2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: niou
- IPA (key): /ni̯oʊ̯³⁵/
-
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: ngau4
- Yale: ngàuh
- Cantonese Pinyin: ngau4
- IPA (key): /ŋɐu̯²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Gan
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiù
- Hakka Romanization System: ngiuˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ngiu2
- IPA: /ɲi̯u¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ngù / ngiù
- IPA (key): /ŋu⁵³/, /ŋieu⁵³/
- Note: ngù - colloquial; ngiù - literary.
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gû
- Tâi-lô: gû
- Phofsit Daibuun: guu
- IPA (Xiamen): /gu²⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /gu²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /gu¹³/
- IPA (Taipei): /gu²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /gu²³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: giû
- Tâi-lô: giû
- Phofsit Daibuun: giuu
- IPA (Xiamen): /giu²⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /giu²⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /giu²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /giu²³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngiû
- Tâi-lô: ngiû
- Phofsit Daibuun: ngiuu
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /ŋiu¹³/
- Note: gû - vernacular; giû/ngiû - literary.
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: nyieu (T3)
- IPA (key): /ȵiɜ²³/
- (Shanghainese)
- Xiang
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 牛 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /niou³⁵/ |
| Harbin | /niou²⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /niou⁴⁵/ | |
| Jinan | /ȵiou⁴²/ | |
| Qingdao | /niou⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou |
/niou⁴²/ /ou⁴²/ |
|
| Xi'an | /niou²⁴/ | |
| Xining | /ȵiɯ²⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /niəu⁵³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /ȵiou⁵³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /ȵiɤu⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /niəu²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /ȵiəu³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /niəu²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /niəu³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /liəɯ²⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /liɯ⁵⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /niəu¹¹/ |
| Pingyao | /ȵiəu¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /niəu³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ȵiɤ²³/ |
| Suzhou | /ȵiɤ¹³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /ȵiø²¹³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /ŋau³¹/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /niu⁴⁴/ |
| Tunxi | /ȵiu⁴⁴/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ȵiəu¹³/ |
| Xiangtan | /ȵiəɯ¹²/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang |
/ȵiu⁴⁵/ /ŋiɛu⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /ŋiu¹¹/ |
| Taoyuan | /ŋiu¹¹/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /ŋɐu²¹/ |
| Nanning | /ŋɐu²¹/ | |
| Hong Kong | /ŋɐu²¹/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) |
/giu³⁵/ /gu³⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /ŋu⁵³/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /niu³³/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /gu⁵⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /ku³¹/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 牛 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 語求切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ŋɨu/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ŋiu/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ŋiəu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ŋuw/ |
| Li Rong |
/ŋiu/ |
| Wang Li |
/ŋĭəu/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ŋi̯ə̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
yú |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 牛 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
niú |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ ngjuw › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[ŋ]ʷə/ (< uvular?) |
| English | ox |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 牛 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9564 |
| Phonetic component |
牛 |
| Rime group |
之 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
牛 |
| Old Chinese |
/*ŋʷɯ/ |
Definitions
牛
- cow; bull; ox; buffalo (general name for bovine animals)
- beef
- stubborn; pigheaded
- (colloquial) arrogant
- (slang) awesome; powerful
- 牛屄 ― niúbī ― [vulgar] awesome
- 牛人 ― niúrén ― an awesome person
- (astronomy) the Ox, a Chinese constellation near Capricorn
- (physics) Short for 牛頓／牛顿 (niúdùn, “newton”).
- A surname.
Synonyms
| Dialectal synonyms of 牛 (“cattle; cow”) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | 牛 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 牛 | |
| Taxonomic name | 牛 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 牛 |
| Jinan | 牛 | |
| Xi'an | 牛 | |
| Wuhan | 牛 | |
| Chengdu | 牛 | |
| Yangzhou | 牛 | |
| Hefei | 牛 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 牛 |
| Hong Kong | 牛 | |
| Yangjiang | 牛 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 牛 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 牛 |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 牛仔 | |
| Liudui (S. Sixian) | 牛仔 | |
| Hsinchu (Hailu) | 牛 | |
| Dongshi (Dabu) | 牛 | |
| Zhuolan (Raoping) | 牛 | |
| Yunlin (Zhao'an) | 牛 | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 牛、牛兒 |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 牛 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 牛 |
| Min Nan | Quanzhou | 牛 |
| Xiamen | 牛 | |
| Zhangzhou | 牛 | |
| Taipei | 牛 | |
| Kaohsiung | 牛 | |
| Chaozhou | 牛 | |
| Wu | Suzhou | 牛 |
| Wenzhou | 牛 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 牛、寶耕 |
| Shuangfeng | 牛 | |
- (beef): 牛肉 (niúròu)
Compounds
Derived terms from 牛
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|
|
Japanese
Kanji
牛
Readings
- Goon: ぐ (gu) (non-Jōyō reading)
- Kan’on: ぎゅう (gyū) < ぎう (giu)
- Kan’yōon: ご (go) (non-Jōyō reading)
- Kun: うし (ushi)
Compounds
Compounds
|
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 牛 |
|
うし Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi |
Pronunciation
Noun
牛 (hiragana うし, katakana ウシ, romaji ushi)
Usage notes
As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana in biological contexts, as ウシ.
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 牛 |
|
ぎゅう Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 牛 (ngjuw, “cow”).
Pronunciation
Noun
牛 (hiragana ぎゅう, romaji gyū, historical hiragana ぎう)
References
- 1 2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
- 1 2 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
Korean
Hanja
牛 • (u)
Eumhun:
- Sound (hangeul): 우 (McCune-Reischauer: u, Yale: wu)
- Name (hangeul): 소()
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Compounds
Okinawan
Kanji
牛
Noun
Compounds
|
Vietnamese
Han character
牛 (ngưu, ngọ, ngỏ, ngõ, ngâu)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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