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Definition 2024
之
之
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Translingual
Stroke order | |||
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Han character
之 (radical 4 丿+3, 3 strokes, cangjie input 戈弓人 (INO), four-corner 30307)
Derived characters
Descendants
References
- KangXi: page 82, character 4
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 125
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 43, character 1
- Unihan data for U+4E4B
Chinese
simp. and trad. |
之 |
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Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 之
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Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bamboo and silk script | Large seal script | Small seal script | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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Characters in the same phonetic series (之) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
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Old Chinese | |
之 | *tjɯ |
芝 | *tjɯ |
志 | *tjɯs |
痣 | *tjɯs |
娡 | *tjɯs |
誌 | *tjɯs |
蚩 | *tʰjɯ |
妛 | *tʰjɯ |
嗤 | *tʰjɯ |
媸 | *tʰjɯ |
旹 | *djɯ |
滍 | *diʔ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 止 (“foot”) + 一 (“the beginning place”) – meaning “to go”.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄓ
- Wade-Giles: chih1
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jy
- IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: zi1
- Yale: jī
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzi1
- IPA (key): /t͡siː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chi
- Tâi-lô: tsi
- Phofsit Daibuun: cy
- IPA (Xiamen): /t͡ɕi⁴⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕi³³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕi⁴⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕi⁴⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕi⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: tsr (T1)
- IPA (key): /t͡sz̩⁵³/
- (Shanghainese)
Rime | |
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Character | 之 |
Reading # | 1/1 |
Initial (聲) | 章 (23) |
Final (韻) | 之 (19) |
Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
Openness (開合) | Open |
Division (等) | III |
Fanqie | 止而切 |
Reconstructions | |
Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/t͡ɕɨ/ |
Pan Wuyun |
/t͡ɕɨ/ |
Shao Rongfen |
/t͡ɕie/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank |
/cɨ/ |
Li Rong |
/t͡ɕiə/ |
Wang Li |
/t͡ɕĭə/ |
Bernard Karlgren |
/t͡ɕi/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex |
zhī |
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
---|---|---|
Character | 之 | 之 |
Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
zhī | zhī |
Middle Chinese |
‹ tsyi › | ‹ tsyi › |
Old Chinese |
/*tə/ | /*tə/ |
English | go to | (3p object pronoun; attributive particle) |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
---|---|
Character | 之 |
Reading # | 1/1 |
No. | 17188 |
Phonetic component |
之 |
Rime group |
之 |
Rime subdivision |
0 |
Corresponding MC rime |
之 |
Old Chinese |
/*tjɯ/ |
Definitions
之
- Indicates that the previous word has possession of the next one.
- Indicates that the previous word modifies the next one.
- 尺寸之功 ― chǐcùnzhīgōng ― a minor contribution
- †This.
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- 之子于歸。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- 之子于归。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, circa 11th – 7th centuries BCE
- Zhī zǐ yú guī. [Pinyin]
- This girl is to get married.
-
- † To sprout, to come about.
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- 如語焉而未之然。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- 如语焉而未之然。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- From: The Book of Rites, circa 4th – 2nd century BCE
- Rú yù yān érwèi zhīrán. [Pinyin]
- As though you have said something to your parents but their reply has not yet come.
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- † To go.
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- 吾欲之楚。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
- From: Zhan Guo Ce, circa 5th – 3rd centuries BCE
- Wú yù zhī chǔ. [Pinyin]
- I want to go to Chu.
-
- The third-person pronoun: him, her, it, them, when it appears in a non-subject position in the sentence.
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- 好一一聽之。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- 好一一听之。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- From: Han Feizi, circa 2nd century BCE
- Hào yīyī tīng zhī. [Pinyin]
- He preferred to listen to them one-by-one.
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- 我們不能對此事聽之任之。 [MSC, trad.]
- 我们不能对此事听之任之。 [MSC, simp.]
- Wǒmen bùnéng duì cǐ shì tīngzhīrènzhī. [Pinyin]
- We cannot pass this matter by without protest.
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- 甘橘,大厘城有之,其味酸。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
- From: Tang Dynasty, Fan Chuo, Manshu, chapter 7, part 7
- Gān jú, dàlí chéng yǒu zhī, qí wèi suān. [Pinyin]
- Dali City has sweet tangerines, but their flavour is sour.
-
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 的 (“possessive particle”) | ||
---|---|---|
Variety | Location | Words |
Classical Chinese | 之 | |
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 的 | |
Mandarin | Beijing | 的 |
Taiwan | 的 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 嘅 |
Hong Kong | 嘅、個 | |
Taishan | 個 | |
Hakka | Meixian | 个 |
Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 个 | |
Liudui (S. Sixian) | 个 | |
Hsinchu (Hailu) | 个 | |
Dongshi (Dabu) | 个 | |
Zhuolan (Raoping) | 个 | |
Yunlin (Zhao'an) | 个 | |
Min Dong | Fuzhou | 其 |
Min Nan | Xiamen | 个 |
Chaozhou | 個 | |
Shantou | 個 | |
Wu | Shanghai | 個 |
Wenzhou | 個 |
Compounds
Japanese
Kanji
(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)
Readings
Usage notes
Formerly used to represent the possessive particle の (no). In modern Japanese, this character is seldom used, and most commonly found in names, such as 龍之介 (Ryūnosuke).
See also
Proper noun
之 (hiragana すすむ, romaji Susumu)
- A male given name
Korean
Hanja
之 • (ji)
Eumhun:
- Sound (hangeul): 지 (revised: ji, McCune-Reischauer: chi)
- Name (hangeul): 갈 (revised: gal, McCune-Reischauer: kal)
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References
Vietnamese
Han character
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