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Definition 2025
乃
乃
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Translingual
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Han character
乃 (radical 4 丿+1, 2 strokes, cangjie input 弓竹尸 (NHS), four-corner 17227, composition ⿹𠄎丿)
- then
- really, indeed
- as it turned out, after all
- Chapter 23 of Volume 2 of Pu Songling's 聊齋志異 (In Classical Chinese)
- 乃懼，復造善脈者診之。
- Chapter 23 of Volume 2 of Pu Songling's 聊齋志異 (In Classical Chinese)
- namely
- you, your (pre-classical)
Derived characters
Descendants
References
- KangXi: page 81, character 12
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 113
- Dae Jaweon: page 165, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 31, character 5
- Unihan data for U+4E43
Chinese
|
simp. and trad. |
乃 | |
|---|---|---|
| alt. forms |
迺 廼 |
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Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄋㄞˇ
- Wade-Giles: nai3
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nae
- IPA (key): /naɪ̯²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: naai5, oi2
- Yale: náaih, ói
- Cantonese Pinyin: naai5, oi2
- IPA (key): /nɑːi̯¹³/, /ɔːi̯³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nái
- Tâi-lô: nái
- Phofsit Daibuun: nae
- IPA (Xiamen): /naɪ⁵³/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /naɪ⁵⁵⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /naɪ⁵³/
- IPA (Taipei): /naɪ⁵³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /naɪ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: ne (T3)
- IPA (key): /nᴇ²³/
- (Shanghainese)
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 乃 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /nai²¹⁴/ |
| Harbin | /nai²¹³/ | |
| Tianjin | /nai¹³/ | |
| Jinan | /nɛ⁵⁵/ | |
| Qingdao | /nɛ⁵⁵/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /nai⁵³/ | |
| Xi'an | /nai⁵³/ | |
| Xining | /nɛ⁵³/ | |
| Yinchuan | /nɛ¹³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /lɛ⁴⁴²/ | |
| Ürümqi | /nai⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /nai⁴²/ | |
| Chengdu | /nai⁵³/ | |
| Guiyang | /nai⁴²/ | |
| Kunming | /næ⁵³/ | |
| Nanjing | /lae²¹²/ | |
| Hefei | /le̞²⁴/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /nai⁵³/ |
| Pingyao | /næ⁵³/ | |
| Hohhot | /nɛ⁵³/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /na²³/ |
| Suzhou | /ne̞⁵¹/ | |
| Hangzhou | /ne̞⁵³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /na³⁵/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /na³⁵/ |
| Tunxi | ||
| Xiang | Changsha | /lai⁴¹/ |
| Xiangtan | /nai⁴²/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /lai²¹³/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /nai⁴⁴/ |
| Taoyuan | /nɑi²⁴/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /nai²³/ |
| Nanning | /nai²⁴/ | |
| Hong Kong | /nai²³/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /nai⁵³/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /nai³²/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /nai²¹/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /nãi⁵³/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /nai²¹³/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 乃 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 泥 (8) |
| Final (韻) | 咍 (41) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 奴亥切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/nʌiX/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/nəiX/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/nɒiX/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/nəjX/ |
| Li Rong |
/nᴀiX/ |
| Wang Li |
/nɒiX/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/nɑ̆iX/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
nǎi |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 乃 | 乃 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
nǎi | nǎi |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ nojX › | ‹ nojX › |
| Old Chinese |
/*nˤə(ŋ)ʔ/ | /*nˤəʔ/ |
| English | your | then |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 乃 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9337 |
| Phonetic component |
乃 |
| Rime group |
之 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
乃 |
| Old Chinese |
/*nɯːʔ/ |
Definitions
乃
Synonyms
Japanese
Kanji
(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)
- then
- really, indeed
- as it turned out, after all
- Chapter 23 of Volume 2 of Pu Songling's 聊齋志異 (In Classical Chinese)
- 乃懼，復造善脈者診之。
- Chapter 23 of Volume 2 of Pu Songling's 聊齋志異 (In Classical Chinese)
- namely
- you, your (pre-classical)
Readings
See also
Korean
Hanja
乃 • (nae)
Eumhun:
- Sound (hangeul): 내()
- Name (hangeul): 이에 (revised: ie, McCune-Reischauer: ie)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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References
Vietnamese
Han character
乃 (nải, nãi, náy, nảy, nấy, nãy, nới, hồng)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
References
Etymology
| Historical forms of the character 乃
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| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bamboo and silk script | Large seal script | Small seal script | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (乃) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 乃 | *nɯːʔ |
| 鼐 | *nɯːʔ, *nɯːs |
| 疓 | *njɯːʔ |
| 奶 | *rneːlʔ |
| 仍 | *njɯŋ |
| 艿 | *njɯŋ |
| 辸 | *njɯŋ |
| 礽 | *njɯŋ |
| 扔 | *njɯŋ, *njɯŋs |
| 芿 | *njɯŋs |
From ancient 𠄎; Ideogram (指事) – pregnant woman (swollen breasts and belly); compare 孕.