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Definition 2024
惡
惡
Translingual
Traditional | 惡 |
---|---|
Shinjitai | 悪 |
Simplified | 恶 |
Han character
惡 (radical 61 心+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 一一心 (MMP), four-corner 10331, composition ⿱亞心)
References
- KangXi: page 391, character 25
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10824
- Dae Jaweon: page 724, character 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2307, character 12
- Unihan data for U+60E1
Chinese
trad. | 惡 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 恶 |
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): ok3
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ok
- Min Nan (POJ): ok
- Wu (Wiktionary): oq (T4)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄜˋ
- Wade-Giles: o4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: eh
- IPA (key): /ˀɤ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: ok3
- Yale: ok
- Cantonese Pinyin: ok8
- IPA (key): /ɔːk̚³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ok
- Hakka Romanization System: og`
- Hagfa Pinyim: og5
- IPA: /ok̚²/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ok
- Tâi-lô: ok
- Phofsit Daibuun: og
- IPA (Xiamen): /ɔk̚³²/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /ɔk̚⁵/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɔk̚³²/
- IPA (Taipei): /ɔk̚³²/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɔk̚³²/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: oq (T4)
- IPA (key): /ʊʔ⁵⁵/
- (Shanghainese)
- Dialectal data▼
Variety | Location | 惡 (善惡) |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /ɤ⁵¹/ |
Harbin |
/ɤ⁴⁴/ /nɤ⁴⁴/ |
|
Tianjin | /nɤ⁵³/ | |
Jinan | /ŋə²¹³/ | |
Qingdao | /və⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /ɤ²⁴/ | |
Xi'an | /ŋɤ²¹/ | |
Xining | /nu⁴⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /ə¹³/ | |
Lanzhou | /ə¹³/ | |
Ürümqi | /ŋɤ²¹³/ | |
Wuhan | /uo²¹³/ | |
Chengdu |
/ŋo³¹/ /o³¹/ |
|
Guiyang | /ŋo²¹/ | |
Kunming | /o³¹/ | |
Nanjing | /oʔ⁵/ | |
Hefei | /ʐɐʔ⁵/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /ɣaʔ²/ |
Pingyao | /ŋʌʔ¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /ŋaʔ⁴³/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /oʔ⁵/ |
Suzhou | /oʔ⁵/ | |
Hangzhou | /ʔoʔ⁵/ | |
Wenzhou | /o²¹³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /ŋɔʔ²¹/ |
Tunxi | /ŋo⁵/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /o²⁴/ |
Xiangtan | /o²⁴/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /ŋɔʔ⁵/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /ok̚¹/ |
Taoyuan | /ok̚²²/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /ɔk̚³/ |
Nanning | /ɔk̚³³/ | |
Hong Kong | /ɔk̚³/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) |
/ok̚³²/ /oʔ³²/ |
Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /ɔuʔ²³/ | |
Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /ɔ²⁴/ | |
Shantou (Min Nan) | /ak̚²/ | |
Haikou (Min Nan) | /ɔk̚⁵/ |
Rime | |
---|---|
Character | 惡 |
Reading # | 3/3 |
Initial (聲) | 影 (34) |
Final (韻) | 鐸 (103) |
Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
Openness (開合) | Open |
Division (等) | I |
Fanqie | 烏各切 |
Reconstructions | |
Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ʔɑk̚/ |
Pan Wuyun |
/ʔɑk̚/ |
Shao Rongfen |
/ʔɑk̚/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ʔak̚/ |
Li Rong |
/ʔɑk̚/ |
Wang Li |
/ɑk̚/ |
Bernard Karlgren |
/ʔɑk̚/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex |
e |
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
---|---|
Character | 惡 |
Reading # | 1/2 |
Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
è |
Middle Chinese |
‹ ʔak › |
Old Chinese |
/*ʔˤak/ |
English | bad, ugly |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
---|---|
Character | 惡 |
Reading # | 3/3 |
No. | 14220 |
Phonetic component |
亞 |
Rime group |
鐸 |
Rime subdivision |
0 |
Corresponding MC rime |
惡 |
Old Chinese |
/*qaːɡ/ |
Definitions
惡
Pronunciation 2
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): wu3
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): vu
- Min Nan (POJ): òⁿ
- Wu (Wiktionary): u (T2)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄨˋ
- Wade-Giles: wu4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wuh
- IPA (key): /u⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: wu3
- Yale: wu
- Cantonese Pinyin: wu3
- IPA (key): /wuː³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vu
- Hakka Romanization System: vu
- Hagfa Pinyim: vu4
- IPA: /vu⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: òⁿ
- Tâi-lô: ònn
- Phofsit Daibuun: vox
- IPA (Xiamen): /ɔ̃²¹/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /ɔ̃⁴¹/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɔ̃²¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /ɔ̃¹¹/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɔ̃²¹/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: u (T2)
- IPA (key): /v̩ʷ³⁴/
- (Shanghainese)
Rime | |
---|---|
Character | 惡 |
Reading # | 2/3 |
Initial (聲) | 影 (34) |
Final (韻) | 模 (23) |
Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
Openness (開合) | Open |
Division (等) | I |
Fanqie | 烏路切 |
Reconstructions | |
Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ʔuoH/ |
Pan Wuyun |
/ʔuoH/ |
Shao Rongfen |
/ʔoH/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ʔɔH/ |
Li Rong |
/ʔoH/ |
Wang Li |
/uH/ |
Bernard Karlgren |
/ʔuoH/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex |
wù |
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
---|---|
Character | 惡 |
Reading # | 2/2 |
Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
wù |
Middle Chinese |
‹ ʔuH › |
Old Chinese |
/*ʔˤak-s/ |
English | hate (v.) |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
---|---|
Character | 惡 |
Reading # | 2/3 |
No. | 14219 |
Phonetic component |
亞 |
Rime group |
暮 |
Rime subdivision |
0 |
Corresponding MC rime |
汙 |
Old Chinese |
/*qaːɡs/ |
Definitions
惡
Pronunciation 3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄨ
- Wade-Giles: wu1
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: u
- IPA (key): /u⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: wu1
- Yale: wū
- Cantonese Pinyin: wu1
- IPA (key): /wuː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
Rime | |
---|---|
Character | 惡 |
Reading # | 1/3 |
Initial (聲) | 影 (34) |
Final (韻) | 模 (23) |
Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
Openness (開合) | Open |
Division (等) | I |
Fanqie | 哀都切 |
Reconstructions | |
Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ʔuo/ |
Pan Wuyun |
/ʔuo/ |
Shao Rongfen |
/ʔo/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ʔɔ/ |
Li Rong |
/ʔo/ |
Wang Li |
/u/ |
Bernard Karlgren |
/ʔuo/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex |
wū |
Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
---|---|
Character | 惡 |
Reading # | 1/3 |
No. | 14217 |
Phonetic component |
亞 |
Rime group |
魚 |
Rime subdivision |
0 |
Corresponding MC rime |
烏 |
Old Chinese |
/*qaː/ |
Definitions
惡
Compounds
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Japanese
Kanji
(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 悪)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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