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Definition 2024


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Translingual

Han character

(radical 61 +12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 十手一心 (JQMP), four-corner 30336, composition𡩜)

  1. constitution; basic law

References

  • KangXi: page 404, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11269
  • Dae Jaweon: page 744, character 17
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2351, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+61B2

Chinese

trad.
simp.

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*kʰaːds, *ɡraːd
*ɡaːds
*kraːds
*qʰanʔ
*qʰanʔ
*hŋans
*qʰans
*kaːd
*kreːd, *kʰraːd
*qʰraːd
*ɡraːd
*ɡraːd
*ɡraːd
*qʰʷaːd

Pronunciation



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /ɕian⁵¹/
Harbin /ɕian⁵³/
Tianjin /ɕian⁵³/
Jinan /ɕiã²¹/
Qingdao /ɕiã⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ɕian³¹²/
Xi'an /ɕiã⁴⁴/
Xining /ɕiã²¹³/
Yinchuan /ɕian¹³/
Lanzhou /ɕiɛ̃n¹³/
Ürümqi /ɕian²¹³/
Wuhan /ɕiɛn³⁵/
Chengdu /ɕian¹³/
Guiyang /ɕian²¹³/
Kunming /ɕiɛ̃²¹²/
Nanjing /ɕien⁴⁴/
Hefei /ɕiĩ⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /ɕie⁴⁵/
Pingyao /ɕie̞³⁵/
Hohhot /ɕie⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /ɕi³⁵/
Suzhou /ɕiɪ⁵¹³/
Hangzhou /ɕiẽ̞⁴⁴⁵/
Wenzhou /ɕi⁴²/
Hui Shexian /ɕie³²⁴/
Tunxi /ɕiɛ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ɕiẽ⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /ɕiẽ⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /ɕiɛn²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /hian³¹/
Taoyuan /hien³¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /hin³³/
Nanning /hin³³/
Hong Kong /hin³³/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /hian²¹/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /hyɔŋ²¹²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /xuiŋ³³/
Shantou (Min Nan) /hiaŋ²¹³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /hin³⁵/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (32)
Final () (65)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/hɨɐnH/
Pan
Wuyun
/hiɐnH/
Shao
Rongfen
/xiɐnH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/hɨanH/
Li
Rong
/xiɐnH/
Wang
Li
/xĭɐnH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/xɨ̯ɐnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
xiàn
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
xiàn
Middle
Chinese
‹ xjonH ›
Old
Chinese
/*qʰar/ (~ *qʰar-s)
English law; model; rule

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 4849
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*hŋans/

Definitions

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References


Japanese

Kanji

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. constitution; basic law

Readings

Compounds


Korean

Hanja

(heon) (hangeul , revised heon, McCune-Reischauer hŏn, Yale hen)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

(hiến)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.