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Definition 2025
溝
溝
See also: 沟
Translingual
Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (冓) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
---|---|
Old Chinese | |
溝 | *koː |
篝 | *koː |
鞲 | *koː |
韝 | *koː, *kʰoː |
褠 | *koː |
冓 | *koː, *koːs |
構 | *koːs |
購 | *koːs |
媾 | *koːs |
覯 | *koːs |
遘 | *koːs, *koːs |
煹 | *koːs |
搆 | *koːs |
講 | *kroːŋʔ |
耩 | *kroːŋʔ |
傋 | *kroːŋʔ, *qʰroːŋʔ |
斠 | *kroːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *koː) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 冓 (OC *koː, *koːs) – a ditch or drain for water.
Han character
溝 (radical 85 水+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 水廿廿月 (ETTB), four-corner 35147, composition ⿰氵冓)
Descendants
References
- KangXi: page 639, character 34
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17944
- Dae Jaweon: page 1046, character 22
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 1692, character 6
- Unihan data for U+6E9D
See also
Chinese
trad. | 溝 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 沟 |
Etymology 1
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄡ
- Wade-Giles: kou1
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gou
- IPA (key): /koʊ̯⁵⁵/
-
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: kau1, gau1
- Yale: kāu, gāu
- Cantonese Pinyin: kau1, gau1
- IPA (key): /kʰɐu̯⁵⁵/, /kɐu̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiêu
- Hakka Romanization System: gieu´
- Hagfa Pinyim: gieu1
- IPA: /ki̯eu̯²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kau / ko͘
- Tâi-lô: kau / koo
- Phofsit Daibuun: kaw, kof
- IPA (Xiamen): /kaʊ⁴⁴/, /kɔ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kaʊ³³/, /kɔ³³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /kaʊ⁴⁴/, /kɔ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /kaʊ⁴⁴/, /kɔ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kaʊ⁴⁴/, /kɔ⁴⁴/
- Note: kau - vernacular; ko͘ - literary.
- (Hokkien)
- Dialectal data▼
Variety | Location | 溝 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /kou⁵⁵/ |
Harbin | /kou⁴⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /kou²¹/ | |
Jinan | /kou²¹³/ | |
Qingdao | /kou²¹³/ | |
Zhengzhou | /kou²⁴/ | |
Xi'an | /kou²¹/ | |
Xining | /kɯ⁴⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /kəu⁴⁴/ | |
Lanzhou | /kou³¹/ | |
Ürümqi | /kɤu⁴⁴/ | |
Wuhan | /kəu⁵⁵/ | |
Chengdu | /kəu⁵⁵/ | |
Guiyang | /kəu⁵⁵/ | |
Kunming | /kəu⁴⁴/ | |
Nanjing | /kəɯ³¹/ | |
Hefei | /kɯ²¹/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /kəu¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /kəu¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /kəu³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /kɤ⁵³/ |
Suzhou | /kɤ⁵⁵/ | |
Hangzhou | /kø³³/ | |
Wenzhou | /kau³³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /kiu³¹/ |
Tunxi | /t͡ɕiu¹¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /kəu³³/ |
Xiangtan | /kəɯ³³/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /kiɛu⁴²/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /keu⁴⁴/ |
Taoyuan | /keu²⁴/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /kʰɐu⁵³/ |
Nanning | /kɐu⁵⁵/ | |
Hong Kong |
/kɐu⁵⁵/ /kʰɐu⁵⁵/ |
|
Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) |
/kɔ⁵⁵/ /kau⁵⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /kau⁴⁴/ | |
Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /ke⁵⁴/ | |
Shantou (Min Nan) | /kau³³/ | |
Haikou (Min Nan) |
/kɔu²³/ /kau²³/ |
Rime | |
---|---|
Character | 溝 |
Reading # | 1/1 |
Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
Final (韻) | 侯 (137) |
Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
Openness (開合) | Open |
Division (等) | I |
Fanqie | 古侯切 |
Reconstructions | |
Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/kəu/ |
Pan Wuyun |
/kəu/ |
Shao Rongfen |
/kəu/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank |
/kəw/ |
Li Rong |
/ku/ |
Wang Li |
/kəu/ |
Bernard Karlgren |
/kə̯u/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex |
gōu |
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
---|---|
Character | 溝 |
Reading # | 1/1 |
Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
gōu |
Middle Chinese |
‹ kuw › |
Old Chinese |
/*[k]ˤ(r)o/ |
English | irrigation canal |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
---|---|
Character | 溝 |
Reading # | 1/1 |
No. | 4185 |
Phonetic component |
冓 |
Rime group |
侯 |
Rime subdivision |
0 |
Corresponding MC rime |
鉤 |
Old Chinese |
/*koː/ |
Definitions
溝
- ditch; drain; narrow waterway
- (Cantonese) to mix
- 溝埋 / 沟埋 [Cantonese] ― kau1 maai4 [Jyutping] ― to mix together
Etymology 2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄎㄡˋ
- Wade-Giles: k'ou4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kow
- IPA (key): /kʰoʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Dialectal data▼
Variety | Location | 溝 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /kou⁵⁵/ |
Harbin | /kou⁴⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /kou²¹/ | |
Jinan | /kou²¹³/ | |
Qingdao | /kou²¹³/ | |
Zhengzhou | /kou²⁴/ | |
Xi'an | /kou²¹/ | |
Xining | /kɯ⁴⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /kəu⁴⁴/ | |
Lanzhou | /kou³¹/ | |
Ürümqi | /kɤu⁴⁴/ | |
Wuhan | /kəu⁵⁵/ | |
Chengdu | /kəu⁵⁵/ | |
Guiyang | /kəu⁵⁵/ | |
Kunming | /kəu⁴⁴/ | |
Nanjing | /kəɯ³¹/ | |
Hefei | /kɯ²¹/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /kəu¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /kəu¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /kəu³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /kɤ⁵³/ |
Suzhou | /kɤ⁵⁵/ | |
Hangzhou | /kø³³/ | |
Wenzhou | /kau³³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /kiu³¹/ |
Tunxi | /t͡ɕiu¹¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /kəu³³/ |
Xiangtan | /kəɯ³³/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /kiɛu⁴²/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /keu⁴⁴/ |
Taoyuan | /keu²⁴/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /kʰɐu⁵³/ |
Nanning | /kɐu⁵⁵/ | |
Hong Kong |
/kɐu⁵⁵/ /kʰɐu⁵⁵/ |
|
Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) |
/kɔ⁵⁵/ /kau⁵⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /kau⁴⁴/ | |
Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /ke⁵⁴/ | |
Shantou (Min Nan) | /kau³³/ | |
Haikou (Min Nan) |
/kɔu²³/ /kau²³/ |
Definitions
溝
- Only used in 溝瞀/沟瞀.
Etymology 3
For pronunciation and definitions of 溝 – see 港. (This character, 溝, is a variant form of 港.) |
Japanese
Kanji
溝
Readings
Noun
Number
- A number of 1032 in modern Japanese since 17th century.
Korean
Hanja
溝 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune-Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
Vietnamese
Han character
溝 (câu)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.