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Definition 2024
確
確
See also: 确
Translingual
Han character
確 (radical 112 石+10, 15 strokes, cangjie input 一口人月土 (MROBG), four-corner 14614, composition ⿰石隺)
References
- KangXi: page 833, character 31
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24366
- Dae Jaweon: page 1250, character 20
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2450, character 4
- Unihan data for U+78BA
Chinese
| trad. | 確 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 确 | |
Glyph origin
| Characters in the same phonetic series (寉) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 鶴 | *ɡloːwɢ |
| 髉 | *pqroːwɢ |
| 篧 | *skroːwɢ, *sɡroːwɢ |
| 榷 | *kroːwɢ |
| 搉 | *kroːwɢ, *kroːwɢ, *kʰroːwɢ |
| 傕 | *kroːwɢ |
| 確 | *kʰroːwɢ |
| 寉 | *ɡluːwɢ |
| 蒮 | *luwɢ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kʰroːwɢ) : semantic 石 + phonetic 寉 (OC *ɡluːwɢ) – rock-solid, as certain as a rock.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄩㄝˋ
- Wade-Giles: ch'üeh4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiueh
- IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰɥ̯œ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: kok3
- Yale: kok
- Cantonese Pinyin: kok8
- IPA (key): /kʰɔːk̚³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khak
- Tâi-lô: khak
- Phofsit Daibuun: qag
- IPA (Xiamen): /kʰak̚³²/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰak̚⁵/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰak̚³²/
- IPA (Taipei): /kʰak̚³²/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰak̚³²/
- (Hokkien)
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 確 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡ɕʰyɛ⁵¹/ |
| Harbin | /t͡ɕʰyɛ⁵³/ | |
| Tianjin | /t͡ɕʰye⁵³/ | |
| Jinan | /t͡ɕʰyə²¹³/ | |
| Qingdao | /t͡ɕʰyə⁵⁵/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /t͡ɕʰyo²⁴/ | |
| Xi'an | /t͡ɕʰyo⁵³/ | |
| Xining | /t͡ɕʰyu⁵³/ | |
| Yinchuan | /t͡ɕʰye¹³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /t͡ɕʰyə¹³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /t͡ɕʰyɤ²¹³/ | |
| Wuhan | /t͡ɕʰio²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /t͡ɕʰyo³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /t͡ɕʰio²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /t͡ɕʰio³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /t͡ɕʰioʔ⁵/ | |
| Hefei | /t͡ɕʰyɐʔ⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡ɕʰyəʔ²/ |
| Pingyao | /t͡ɕʰiʌʔ¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /t͡ɕʰyaʔ⁴³/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai |
/t͡ɕʰioʔ⁵/ /t͡ɕʰyɪʔ⁵/ |
| Suzhou | /t͡ɕʰioʔ⁵/ | |
| Hangzhou |
/kʰoʔ⁵/ /t͡ɕʰioʔ⁵/ |
|
| Wenzhou | /kʰo²¹³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /kʰɔʔ²¹/ |
| Tunxi | /kʰo⁵/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /kʰo²⁴/ |
| Xiangtan | /kʰo²⁴/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /kʰɔʔ⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /kʰok̚¹/ |
| Taoyuan | /kʰok̚²²/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /kʰɔk̚³/ |
| Nanning | /kʰɔk̚³³/ | |
| Hong Kong | /kʰɔk̚³/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /kʰak̚³²/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /kʰɔuʔ²³/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /kʰɔ²⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /kʰak̚²/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /xɔk̚⁵/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 確 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 覺 (10) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 苦角切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/kʰˠʌk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/kʰᵚɔk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/kʰɔk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/kʰaɨwk̚/ |
| Li Rong |
/kʰɔk̚/ |
| Wang Li |
/kʰɔk̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/kʰɔk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
que |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 確 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
què |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ khæwk › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[k]ʰˤrawk/ |
| English | solid, firm |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 確 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 5100 |
| Phonetic component |
寉 |
| Rime group |
藥 |
| Rime subdivision |
3 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
㱿 |
| Old Chinese |
/*kʰroːwɢ/ |
Definitions
確
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Korean
Hanja
確 • (hwak) (hangeul 확, revised hwak, McCune-Reischauer hwak, Yale hwak)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
Han character
確 (xác, xạc)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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