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Definition 2024
石
石
Translingual
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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Han character
石 (radical 112 石+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 一口 (MR), four-corner 10600, composition ⿸丆口)
- Kangxi radical #112, ⽯ (“stone”).
Derived terms
- 磊 (lěi)
References
- KangXi: page 827, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24024
- Dae Jaweon: page 1239, character 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2416, character 1
- Unihan data for U+77F3
Chinese
|
simp. and trad. |
石 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 石
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bamboo and silk script | Large seal script | Small seal script |
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (石) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 柘 | *tjaɡs |
| 妬 | *taːɡs |
| 蠹 | *taːɡs |
| 沰 | *taːɡ, *tʰaːɡ |
| 拓 | *tʰaːɡ, *tjaɡ |
| 橐 | *tʰaːɡ |
| 袥 | *tʰaːɡ |
| 驝 | *tʰaːɡ, *raːɡ |
| 斫 | *tjaɡ |
| 磭 | *ŋrɯnʔ, *ŋ̥ʰjaɡ, *ŋaɡ |
| 磔 | *rtaːɡ |
| 跖 | *tjaɡ |
| 石 | *djaɡ |
| 碩 | *djaɡ |
| 祏 | *djaɡ |
| 鉐 | *djaɡ |
| 鼫 | *djaɡ |
Pictogram (象形) : a stone beneath a cliff (厂). The cliff was subsequently distorted into 丆.
Alternatively, a cave set into the side of a cliff or mountain.
Etymology 1
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): sek6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sa̍k
- Min Dong (BUC): siŏh / sĭk
- Min Nan (POJ): chio̍h / siā / sia̍h / se̍k / si̍t / sia̍k
- Wu (Wiktionary): zaq (T5)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕˊ
- Wade-Giles: shih2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyr
- IPA (key): /ʂʐ̩³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: sek6
- Yale: sehk
- Cantonese Pinyin: sek9
- IPA (key): /sɛːk̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sa̍k
- Hakka Romanization System: sag
- Hagfa Pinyim: sag6
- IPA: /sak̚⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: siŏh / sĭk
- IPA (key): /suoʔ⁵/, /siʔ⁵⁵/
- Note: siŏh - vernacular; sĭk - literary.
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chio̍h
- Tâi-lô: tsio̍h
- Phofsit Daibuun: cioih
- IPA (Xiamen): /t͡ɕiɤʔ⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕiɤʔ²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕiɤʔ¹²¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕioʔ⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕiɤʔ⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siā
- Tâi-lô: siā
- Phofsit Daibuun: sia
- IPA (Xiamen): /ɕia²²/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /ɕia⁴¹/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɕia²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sia̍h
- Tâi-lô: sia̍h
- Phofsit Daibuun: siah
- IPA (Quanzhou): /ɕiaʔ²⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /ɕiaʔ⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɕiaʔ⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: se̍k
- Tâi-lô: si̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: sek
- IPA (Xiamen): /ɕiɪk̚⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɕiɪk̚¹²¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /ɕiɪk̚⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɕiɪk̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: si̍t
- Tâi-lô: si̍t
- Phofsit Daibuun: sit
- IPA (Quanzhou): /ɕit̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sia̍k
- Tâi-lô: sia̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: siak
- IPA (Quanzhou): /ɕiak̚²⁴/
- Note: chio̍h - vernacular; siā/sia̍h - vernacular (limited), e.g. 石榴, 石硯, 石石 (siā-chio̍h); se̍k/si̍t/sia̍k - literary.
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: zaq (T5)
- IPA (key): /z̻ᴀʔ¹²/
- (Shanghainese)
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 石 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʂʐ̩³⁵/ |
| Harbin | /ʂʐ̩²⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /ʂʐ̩⁴⁵/ | |
| Jinan | /ʂʐ̩⁴²/ | |
| Qingdao | /ʃz̩⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /ʂʐ̩⁴²/ | |
| Xi'an | /ʂʐ̩²⁴/ | |
| Xining | /ʂʐ̩²⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /ʂʐ̩¹³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /ʂʐ̩⁵³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /ʂʐ̩⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /sz̩²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /sz̩³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /sz̩²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /ʂʐ̩³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /ʂʐ̩ʔ⁵/ | |
| Hefei | /ʂəʔ⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /səʔ⁵⁴/ |
| Pingyao | /ʂʌʔ⁵³/ | |
| Hohhot | /səʔ⁴³/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /zəʔ¹/ |
| Suzhou | /zɑʔ³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /zɑʔ²/ | |
| Wenzhou | /zei²¹³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /ɕi²²/ |
| Tunxi | /ɕi¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ʂʐ̩²⁴/ |
| Xiangtan | /ʂɒ⁵⁵/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /sɑʔ²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /sak̚⁵/ |
| Taoyuan | /ʃɑk̚⁵⁵/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /sɛk̚²/ |
| Nanning | /sɛk̚²²/ | |
| Hong Kong | /sɛk̚²/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) |
/sik̚⁵/ /t͡sioʔ⁵/ /sia²²/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /suoʔ⁵/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) |
/t͡siɔ⁴⁴/ /si⁴⁴/ |
|
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /t͡sioʔ⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) |
/sek̚⁵/ /t͡sio³³/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 石 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 常 (25) |
| Final (韻) | 昔 (123) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 常隻切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/d͡ʑiᴇk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/d͡ʑiɛk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/d͡ʑiæk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/d͡ʑiajk̚/ |
| Li Rong |
/ʑiɛk̚/ |
| Wang Li |
/ʑĭɛk̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ʑi̯ɛk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
shí |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 石 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
shí |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ dzyek › |
| Old Chinese |
/*dAk/ |
| English | stone |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 石 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 11470 |
| Phonetic component |
石 |
| Rime group |
鐸 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
石 |
| Old Chinese |
/*djaɡ/ |
Definitions
石
Compounds
Derived terms from 石
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Etymology 2
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄢˋ
- Wade-Giles: tan4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dann
- IPA (key): /ta̠n⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: daam3
- Yale: daam
- Cantonese Pinyin: daam3
- IPA (key): /tɑːm³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: te (T2)
- IPA (key): /tᴇ³⁴/
- (Shanghainese)
Definitions
石
Compounds
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Japanese
Kanji
石
Readings
- Goon: じゃく (jaku)
- Kan’on: せき (seki)
- Kan’yōon: こく (koku), しゃく (shaku)
- Kun: いし (ishi)
- Nanori: せっく (sekku), し (shi), いわ (iwa), いす (isu), いさ isa, と (to)
Compounds
Compounds
|
Etymology
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 石 |
|
いし Grade: 1 |
| kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese.[1] Likely cognate with 磯 (iso, “a pebble; gravel; a rocky beach”).
Pronunciation
Noun
References
- ↑ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- ↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
- ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
Korean
Hanja
石 • (seok)
Eumhun:
- Sound (hangeul): 석 (revised: seok, McCune-Reischauer: sŏk, Yale: sek)
- Name (hangeul): 돌()
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
Han character
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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