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Definition 2024


Translingual

Han character

(radical 140 +11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 廿月人火 (TBOF), four-corner 44901, composition)

Derived characters

References

  • KangXi: page 1055, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31818
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1517, character 17
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3282, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+8521

Chinese

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*sʰlaːds
*ʔsreːds
*ʔsreːds, *ʔsleds
*ʔsleds
*ʔsleds
*ʔsleds
*hr'eds
*sʰleːds
*sʰlaːd
*sʰlaːd, *saːd
*sʰlaːd
*sʰreːd
*sʰreːd, *sʰeːd

Pronunciation



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /t͡sʰai⁵¹/
Harbin /t͡sʰai⁵³/
Tianjin /t͡sʰai⁵³/
Jinan /t͡sʰɛ²¹/
Qingdao /t͡sʰɛ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /t͡sʰai³¹²/
Xi'an /t͡sʰai⁴⁴/
Xining /t͡sʰɛ²¹³/
Yinchuan /t͡sʰɛ¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡sʰɛ¹³/
Ürümqi /t͡sʰai²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡sʰai³⁵/
Chengdu /t͡sʰai¹³/
Guiyang /t͡sʰai²¹³/
Kunming /t͡sʰæ²¹²/
Nanjing /t͡sʰae⁴⁴/
Hefei /t͡sʰe̞⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡sʰai⁴⁵/
Pingyao /t͡sʰæ³⁵/
Hohhot /t͡sʰɛ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /t͡sʰe³⁵/
Suzhou /t͡sʰɑ⁵¹³/
Hangzhou /t͡sʰe̞⁴⁴⁵/
Wenzhou /t͡sʰa⁴²/
Hui Shexian /t͡sʰɛ³²⁴/
Tunxi /t͡sʰa⁴²/
Xiang Changsha /t͡sʰai⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /t͡sʰai⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sʰai²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰai⁵³/
Taoyuan /t͡sʰɑi⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sʰɔi³³/
Nanning /t͡sʰɔi³³/
Hong Kong /t͡sʰɔi³³/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /t͡sʰai²¹/
/t͡sʰua²¹/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /t͡sʰɑi²¹²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /t͡sʰuɛ³³/
Shantou (Min Nan) /t͡sʰua²¹³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /sai³⁵/
/sua³⁵/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (14)
Final () (25)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡sʰɑiH/
Pan
Wuyun
/t͡sʰɑiH/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡sʰɑiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/t͡sʰajH/
Li
Rong
/t͡sʰɑiH/
Wang
Li
/t͡sʰɑiH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/t͡sʰɑiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
cài
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
cài
Middle
Chinese
‹ tshajH ›
Old
Chinese
/*s.r̥̥ˤat-s/
English (name of a state)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 5836
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*sʰlaːds/

Definitions

  1. A surname.
  2. species of tortoise

Descendants

  • (Hokkien dialect) Tagalog: Chua

Japanese

Kanji

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings


Korean

Hanja

(chae, sal) (hangeul , , revised chae, sal, McCune-Reischauer ch'ae, sal, Yale chay, sal)

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Vietnamese

Han character

(thái)

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