Definify.com
Definition 2024
融
融
Translingual
Han character
融 (radical 142 虫+10, 16 strokes, cangjie input 一月中一戈 (MBLMI), four-corner 15236, composition ⿰鬲虫)
References
- KangXi: page 1092, character 42
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 33384
- Dae Jaweon: page 1557, character 28
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2877, character 8
- Unihan data for U+878D
Chinese
|
simp. and trad. |
融 | |
|---|---|---|
| alt. forms | 𧖓 | |
Glyph origin
| Characters in the same phonetic series (蟲) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 痋 | *l'uːŋ |
| 鉵 | *l'uːŋ |
| 赨 | *l'uːŋ |
| 爞 | *l'uːŋ, *l'uŋ |
| 蟲 | *l'uŋ, *l'uŋs |
| 融 | *luŋ |
| 瀜 | *luŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *luŋ) : semantic 鬲 (“cauldron”) + phonetic 蟲 (OC *l'uŋ, *l'uŋs).
Etymology
“Hot air; steam; heat” > “to melt” > “to blend”.
Sino-Tibetan; compare Burmese လောင် (laung, “to burn; to be burnt; to scorch”). Related to 蟲 (OC *l'uŋ, *l'uŋs, “hot; hot air; hot weather”) (as in 蟲蟲), 爞 (OC *l'uːŋ, *l'uŋ, “hot weather”) and possibly the word family of *lVm: 焰 (OC *loms, “fire”).
It belongs to a word family comprised of characters meaning “to melt, to smelt, to fuse, to dissolve”. In modern times the various characters have taken on their specialised meanings:
- 融 (OC *luŋ, “to melt (at normal temperature); to blend”)
- 鎔 (OC *loŋ, “to smelt; to melt (at a high temperature)”)
- 鎔 (OC *loŋ, “to smelt; to melt (at a high temperature)”)
- 溶 (OC *loŋ, *loŋʔ, “to dissolve (in a liquid)”)
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): jung4
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yùng
- Min Dong (BUC): hṳ̀ng / ṳ̀ng
- Min Nan (POJ): hiông
- Wu (Wiktionary): hhion (T3)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄖㄨㄥˊ
- Wade-Giles: jung2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: rong
- IPA (key): /ʐʊŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: jung4
- Yale: yùhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: jung4
- IPA (key): /jʊŋ²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yùng
- Hakka Romanization System: iungˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yung2
- IPA: /i̯uŋ¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yùng
- Hakka Romanization System: (r)iungˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yung2
- IPA: /(j)i̯uŋ¹¹/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: hṳ̀ng / ṳ̀ng
- IPA (key): /hyŋ⁵³/, /yŋ⁵³/
- Note: hṳ̀ng - colloquial; ṳ̀ng - literary.
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiông
- Tâi-lô: hiông
- Phofsit Daibuun: hioong
- IPA (Xiamen): /hiɔŋ²⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɔŋ²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɔŋ¹³/
- IPA (Taipei): /hiɔŋ²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɔŋ²³/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: hhion (T3)
- IPA (key): /ɦi̯ʊŋ²³/
- (Shanghainese)
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 融 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʐuŋ³⁵/ |
| Harbin | /ʐuŋ²⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /ʐuŋ⁴⁵/ | |
| Jinan | /luŋ⁴²/ | |
| Qingdao | /iŋ⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /ʐuŋ⁴²/ | |
| Xi'an | /yŋ²⁴/ | |
| Xining | /yə̃²⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan |
/yŋ⁵³/ /ʐuŋ⁵³/ |
|
| Lanzhou | /ỹn⁵³/ | |
| Ürümqi |
/ʐuŋ⁵¹/ /vɤŋ⁵¹/ |
|
| Wuhan | /ioŋ²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /yoŋ³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /ioŋ²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /ioŋ³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /ioŋ²⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /iŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /yəŋ¹¹/ |
| Pingyao | /yŋ¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /ʐũŋ³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɦioŋ²³/ |
| Suzhou | /ɦioŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Hangzhou | /ɦioŋ²¹³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /joŋ³¹/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /yʌ̃⁴⁴/ |
| Tunxi | /in⁴⁴/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ioŋ¹³/ |
| Xiangtan | /in¹²/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /iuŋ⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /iuŋ¹¹/ |
| Taoyuan | /ʒuŋ¹¹/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /joŋ²¹/ |
| Nanning | /juŋ²¹/ | |
| Hong Kong | /juŋ²¹/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /iɔŋ³⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /yŋ⁵³/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /œyŋ²¹/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) |
/ioŋ⁵⁵/ /iõ⁵⁵/ |
|
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /zɔŋ³¹/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 融 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (2) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 以戎切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/jɨuŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/jiuŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/iuŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/juwŋ/ |
| Li Rong |
/iuŋ/ |
| Wang Li |
/jĭuŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/i̯uŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
yóng |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 融 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
róng |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ yuwng › |
| Old Chinese |
/*luŋ/ (? < *lum) |
| English | hot air, steam, heat |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 融 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 1509 |
| Phonetic component |
蟲 |
| Rime group |
終 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
融 |
| Old Chinese |
/*luŋ/ |
Definitions
融
- †hot air; steam (during cooking)
- to melt
- to mix; to blend; to fuse; to harmonise
- (economics) to circulate
- Short for 融城 (Róngchéng, “Fuqing, Fuzhou”).
Compounds
Japanese
Kanji
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Readings
- Goon: ゆ (yu)
- Kan’on: ゆう (yū)
- Kun: とおる (tooru), とける (tokeru)
- Nanori: あき (aki), あきら (akira), あきらか (akiraka), すけ (suke), とお (tō), とおる (tōru), なかし (nakashi), ながし (nagashi), みち (michi), よし (yoshi)
Korean
Hanja
融 • (yung) (hangeul 융, revised yung, McCune-Reischauer yung, Yale yung)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
Han character
融 (dung)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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