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Definition 2024

辞書

辞書

See also: 辭書 and 辞书

Japanese

Pronunciation

Noun

辞書 ‎(shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 辭書, hiragana じしょ, romaji jisho)

  1. a dictionary (publication that explains the meanings of an ordered list of words)
Synonyms
See also

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
辞 書
じ
Grade: 4 		しょ
Grade: 2
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese compound 辤書 ‎(zi syo, literally “quit + writing”).

Pronunciation

Noun

辞書 ‎(shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 辤書, hiragana じしょ, romaji jisho)

  1. a letter of resignation
  2. a formal document of abdication when one emperor steps down and a new emperor ascends the throne
Synonyms

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
辞 書
じ
Grade: 4 		そ
Grade: 2
Irregular

The 直音表記 ‎(chokuon hyōki, literally “straight-sound spelling”) of jisho above. Most common from the Heian through the Muromachi periods.[5]

It is unclear if the pronunciation itself also shifted, or just the spelling.

Pronunciation

  • (Irregular reading)
  • IPA(key): [d͡ʑiso̞]

Noun

辞書 ‎(shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 辤書, hiragana じそ, romaji jiso)

  1. (obsolete) a letter of resignation

References

  1. ↑ 1984, 日本大百科全書：ニッポニカ (Nippon Dai Hyakka Zensho: Nipponica, “Encyclopedia Nipponica”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, relevant text online here. Note the typo in the Latin name as listed in this source, showing Dictionaricum instead of the correct Dictionarium.
  2. 1 2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
  3. 1 2 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
  4. 1 2 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13143-0
  5. ↑ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

Etymology

Kanji in this term
辞 書
じ
Grade: 4 		しょ
Grade: 2
on'yomi

A repurposing of older term 辞書 ‎(jisho, “letter of resignation”, see below), based on a reanalysis of the constituent characters 辞 ‎(ji, “resignation, quitting; word”) + 書 ‎(sho, “writing, record, document, book”). Influenced by Middle Chinese-derived term 辞典 ‎(jiten, “dictionary”), wherein the 辞 character expresses the meaning word from Middle Chinese 辭 ‎(zi), instead of the meaning resignation or quitting from Middle Chinese 辤 ‎(zi). Note that both of these older character forms were later conflated in both Japanese and Chinese into the simplified version 辞, with the word meaning becoming dominant in Chinese.

First appearance in Japanese with the dictionary sense might be the 1595 publication by the Jesuits of the 羅葡日辞書 (Ra-Ho-Nichi Jisho, “Latin-Portuguese-Japanese Dictionary”), alternate title Dictionarium Latino Lusitanicum, ac Iaponicum.[1]

Compare modern Mandarin 辭書 ‎(císhū, “dictionary, lexicon”), possibly reborrowed from or otherwise influenced by the Japanese.

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