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Definition 2024

書

書

Unicode name CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-66F8
Unicode block CJK Unified Ideographs
Codepoint U+66F8
See also: 书

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

書 (radical 73 曰+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 中土日 (LGA), four-corner 50601)

References

  • KangXi: page 502, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14294
  • Dae Jaweon: page 874, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1509, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+66F8

Chinese

trad. 書
simp. 书

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 書
Bronze inscriptions Large seal script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (者) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
觰 *rtaːʔ, *rtaː
諸 *tjaː, *tja
者 *tjaːʔ
堵 *tjaːʔ, *taːʔ
赭 *tjaːʔ
撦 *l̥ʰjaːʔ
扯 *tʰjaːʔ
闍 *djaː, *taː
奢 *hljaː
鍺 *toːlʔ
都 *taː
醏 *taː
覩 *taːʔ
睹 *taːʔ
暏 *taːʔ
賭 *taːʔ
帾 *taːʔ
楮 *taːʔ, *tʰaʔ
屠 *daː, *da
瘏 *daː
廜 *daː
鷵 *daː
緒 *ljaʔ
豬 *ta
猪 *ta
瀦 *ta
藸 *ta, *da
櫫 *ta
褚 *taʔ, *tʰaʔ
著 *taʔ, *tas, *da, *taɡ, *daɡ
箸 *tas, *das
儲 *da
躇 *da
櫧 *tja
藷 *tja, *djas
蠩 *tja
煮 *tjaʔ
渚 *tjaʔ
煑 *tjaʔ
陼 *tjaʔ
翥 *tjas
署 *djas
薯 *djas
曙 *djas
書 *hlja
暑 *hjaʔ
鐯 *taɡ
擆 *taɡ
櫡 *taɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *hlja) : semantic 聿 + phonetic 者 ‎(OC *tjaːʔ).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 書
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 書 (26)
Final (韻) 魚 (22)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 傷魚切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɕɨʌ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɕiɔ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɕiɔ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɕɨə̆/
Li
Rong		 /ɕiɔ/
Wang
Li		 /ɕĭo/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɕi̯wo/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 shū
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 書
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 shū
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ syo ›
Old
Chinese		 /*s-ta/
English write

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 書
Reading # 1/1
No. 17013
Phonetic
component		 者
Rime
group		 魚
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 書
Old
Chinese		 /*hlja/

Definitions

書

  1. book; codex   (Classifier: 本; 冊／册; 部)
  2. collection of bamboo or wooden slips, the traditional form of records in China
  3. letter; document   (Classifier: 封; 份)
    • 證明書 / 证明书  ―  zhèngmíngshū  ―  certificate
    • 推薦書 / 推荐书  ―  tuījiànshū  ―  recommendation letter
    • 情書 / 情书  ―  qíngshū  ―  love letter
  4. form of a written or printed Chinese character; style of calligraphy; script; font
  5. Chinese character
  6. the art of calligraphy
  7. (historical) ancient government post in charge of secretarial duties
  8. (historical) imperial edict
  9. storytelling
  10. † to write
  11. Short for 書經／书经 (Shūjīng, “the Classic of History”).

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

書

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
書
しょ
Grade: 2
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 書 ‎(syo, “writing”).

Pronunciation

Noun

書 ‎(hiragana しょ, romaji sho)

  1. document

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
書
ふみ
Grade: 2
Irregular

Pronunciation

Alternative forms

Noun

書 ‎(hiragana ふみ, romaji fumi)

  1. letter

References

  1. 1 2 3 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
  2. 1 2 3 4 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3

Korean

Hanja

書 • ‎(seo) (hangeul 서, revised seo, McCune-Reischauer sŏ, Yale se)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

書 (thư)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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