Translingual

Han character

靴 (radical 177 革+4, 13 strokes, cangjie input 廿十人心 (TJOP), four-corner 4451₀, composition ⿰革化)

References

• KangXi: page 1385, character 19
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42729
• Dae Jaweon: page 1900, character 10
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 7, page 4327, character 21
• Unihan data for U+9774

Chinese

Glyph origin

Pronunciation

Definitions

靴

1. boots (footwear)

Japanese

Kanji

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

• Goon: け (ke) (non-Jōyō reading)
• Kan’on: か (ka), (historical) くわ (kwa)
• Kun: くつ (kutsu)

Pronunciation

• Kun'yomi
• (Tokyo) くつ​ [kùtsúꜜ] (Odaka - [2])^[1][2][3]
• IPA^(key): [kɯ̥ᵝt͡sɯᵝ]

Etymology

From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū poetry compilation, completed circa 759.^[4]

Ultimate derivation unclear. Some Japanese sources suggest a borrowing from or cognate with Korean 구두 (gudu, “shoes”), but then some Korean sources suggest that the Korean term was borrowed from Japanese 靴 (kutsu, “shoes”).

Alternative forms

• 沓, 履, 鞋 (all less common)

Noun

靴 ‎(hiragana くつ, romaji kutsu)

1. footwear, footgear: a shoe, (a pair of) shoes; a boot, (a pair of) boots
   • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 14, poem 3399), text here:

     信濃道者 伊麻能波里美知 可里婆祢尓 安思布麻之<奈牟> 久都波氣和我世

     信 (しな)濃 (ぬ)道 (ぢ)は　今 (いま)の墾 (は)り道 (みち)　刈 (か)りばねに　足 (あし)踏 (ふ)ましなむ　沓 (くつ)はけ我 (わ)が背 (せ)

     shinanuji wa ima no harimichi karibane ni ashi fumashinamu kutsu hake wagase

     the Shinano road has just been opened; wear shoes, my brother / my dear, so you do not step on the brush stubble [in your bare feet]

Synonyms

• シューズ ‎(shūzu)

Derived terms

Related terms

• Korean: 구두 (gudu)

References

1. ↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
2. ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
3. ↑ 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13143-0
4. ↑ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

Korean

Hanja

靴 • ‎(hwa) (hangeul 화, McCune-Reischauer hwa, Yale hwa)

1. (가죽 신 화, gajuk-sin-): footwear made of leather

Compounds

• 木靴 (목화, mokhwa) The courtesy footwear in the Eastern tradition, as worn by courtiers, somewhat similar to the moccasin made of deerskin.
• 洋靴 (양화, yanghwa) Western shoes, boots
• 長靴 (장화, janghwa) boots

Okinawan

Etymology

Attested in the 沖縄語典 (Okinawa Goten, “Okinawan Dictionary”) as ふや ‎(fuya).^[1]

Noun

靴 ‎(hiragana ふや, romaji fuya)

1. shoe

References

1. ↑ 1896: 沖縄語典 (Okinawa Goten, “Okinawan Dictionary”). In Japanese. http://kindai.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/992016/33

Vietnamese

Han character

靴 (ngoa)

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