Russian

Suffix

-альный or -а́льный • ‎(-alʹnyj or -álʹnyj)

1. Used to form adjectives from verbs, especially those in -ать ‎(-atʹ).

   игра́ть ‎(igrátʹ, “to play”) → игра́льный ‎(igrálʹnyj, “(attributive) playing”)

   приста́ть ‎(pristátʹ, “to adhere”) → при́стальный ‎(prístalʹnyj, “intent, rapt”)

Usage notes

Many, perhaps most, adjectives ending in -альный are not formed from verbs but rather are formed by adding the extremely common ending -ный ‎(-nyj) to a borrowed word ending in -аль ‎(-alʹ), or in imitation of such words, e.g. национа́льный ‎(nacionálʹnyj, “national”).