Lower Sorbian

Proper noun

Bog m

1. God

Declension

Serbo-Croatian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bôːɡ/

Proper noun

Bȏg m ‎(Cyrillic spelling Бо̑г)

1. God

Declension

Related terms

• bȏg

Slovene

Etymology

See bog.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbóːk/
• Tonal orthography: bọ̑g

Proper noun

Bóg m anim ‎(genitive Bogá)

1. God

Declension

English

Noun

bog ‎(plural bogs)

1. (Originally Ireland and Scotland) An area of decayed vegetation (particularly sphagnum moss) which forms a wet spongy ground too soft for walking; a marsh or swamp.
   • a. 1513, William Dunbar, Poems:

     ...Chassand cattell throu a bog...

   • c. 1599, William Shakespeare, The Chronicle History of Henry the Fift, Act III, Scene vii, l. 56:

     They that ride so... fall into foule Boggs.

   • 1612, John Speed, The Theatre of the Empire of Great Britaine, Vol. IV, Ch. iv, p. 143:

     Certaine... places [in Ireland]... which of their softnes are vsually tearmed Boghes.

2. (figuratively) Confusion, difficulty, or any other thing or place that impedes progress in the manner of such areas.
   • 1614, John King, Vitis Palatina, p. 30:

     ...quagmires and bogges of Romish superstition...

   • a. 1796, Robert Burns, Poems & Songs, Vol. I:

     Last day my mind was in a bog.

   • 1841, Charles Dickens, Barnaby Rudge, Ch. lxxii, p. 358:

     He wandered out again, in a perfect bog of uncertainty.

3. (uncountable) The acidic soil of such areas, principally composed of peat; marshland, swampland.
   • a. 1687, William Petty, Political Arithmetick:

     Bog may by draining be made Meadow.

4. (vulgar Britain, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand slang) A place to defecate: originally specifically a latrine or outhouse but now used for any toilet.
   • 1665, Richard Head & al., The English Rogue Described in the Life of Meriton Latroon, Vol. I:

     Fearing I should catch cold, they out of pity covered me warm in a Bogg-house.

   • a. 1789, in 1789, Verses to John Howard F.R.S. on His State of Prisons and Lazarettos, p. 181:

     ...That no dirt... be thrown out of any window, or down the bogs...

   • 1864, J.C. Hotten, The Slang Dictionary, p. 79:

     Bog, or bog-house, a privy as distinguished from a water-closet.

   • 1959, William Golding, Free Fall, Ch. i, p. 23:

     Our lodger had our upstairs, use of the stove, our tap, and our bog.

5. (Australia and New Zealand slang) An act or instance of defecation.
6. (US, dialect) A little elevated spot or clump of earth, roots, and grass, in a marsh or swamp.

Alternative forms

• (wet spongy areas or ground): bogg, bogge, boghe (all obsolete)

Synonyms

• (wet spongy areas or ground): bogland, bogmire, fen, marsh, marshland, mire, morass, peat bog, slough, swamp, swampland, quagmire, wetlands; moss (Scottish); pakihi (NZ); muskeg (Canadian)
• (any place or thing that impedes progress): mire, quagmire
• (toilet): See Wikisaurus:toilet and Wikisaurus:bathroom

Hyponyms

• (small marsh): boglet

Related terms

• (like a marsh): boggy, boggish
• (marshy quality): bogginess
• (to create a marsh): boggify

Derived terms

See also

• bog standard

Translations

Verb

bog ‎(third-person singular simple present bogs, present participle bogging, simple past and past participle bogged)

1. (transitive, now often with "down") To sink or submerge someone or something into bogland, especially:
   • 1928, American Dialect Society, American Speech, Vol. IV, p. 132:

     To be 'bogged down' or 'mired down' is to be mired, generally in the 'wet valleys' in the spring.

   1. (figuratively) to prevent or slow someone or something from making progress.
      • 1605, Ben Jonson, Seianus His Fall, Act IV, Scene i, l. 217:

        ...Bogg'd in his filthy Lusts...

      • 1641, John Milton, Animadversions, p. 58:

        ...whose profession to forsake the World... boggs them deeper into the world.

2. (intransitive, now often with "down") To sink and stick in bogland, especially:
   • a. 1800, The Trials of James, Duncan, and Robert M'Gregor, Three Sons of the Celebrated Rob Roy, p. 120:

     Duncan Graham in Gartmore his horse bogged; that the deponent helped some others to take the horse out of the bogg.

   1. (figuratively) To be prevented or impeded from making progress, to become stuck.
3. (intransitive, Originally vulgar Britain, now chiefly Australia) To ****, to void one's bowels.
4. (transitive, Originally vulgar Britain, now chiefly Australia) To cover or spray with ****, to defile with excrement.
5. (transitive, Britain, informal) To make a mess of something.

Alternative forms

• bogg, bogue (both obsolete)

Derived terms

Translations

Etymology 2

See bug^[8]

Noun

bog ‎(plural bogs)

1. (obsolete) Alternative form of bug: a bugbear, monster, or terror.

Alternative forms

• bogge; see also bug

Derived terms

• take bog

Etymology 3

Of uncertain etymology,^[9] although possibly related to bug in its original senses of "big" and "puffed up".

Alternative forms

• (all senses): bug (Derbyshire & Lincolnshire)

Adjective

bog ‎(comparative bogger, superlative boggest)

1. (obsolete) Bold; boastful; proud.
   • 1592, William Warner, Albions England, Vol. VII, Ch. xxxvii, p. 167:

     The Cuckooe, seeing him so bog, waxt also wondrous wroth.

   • 1691, John Ray, South and East Country Words, p. 90:

     Bogge, bold, forward, sawcy. So we say, a very bog Fellow.

Derived terms

• boggish, boggishly

Noun

bog ‎(plural bogs)

1. (obsolete) Puffery, boastfulness.
   • 1839, Charles Clark, "John Noakes and Mary Styles", l. 3:

     Their bog it nuver ceases.

Verb

bog ‎(third-person singular simple present bogs, present participle bogging, simple past and past participle bogged)

1. (transitive, obsolete) To provoke, to bug.
   • 1546 in 1852, State Papers King Henry the Eighth, Vol. XI, p. 163:

     If you had not written to me... we had broke now, the Frenchmen bogged us so often with departing.

   • 1556, Nicholas Grimald's translation of Cicero as Marcus Tullius Ciceroes Thre Bokes of Duties to Marcus His Sonne, Vol. III, p. 154:

     A Frencheman: whom he [Manlius Torquatus] slew, being bogged [Latin: provocatus] by hym.

Etymology 4

From bug off, a clipping of bugger off, likely under the influence of bog (coarse British slang for "toilet[s]").

Verb

bog ‎(third-person singular simple present bogs, present participle bogging, simple past and past participle bogged)

1. (euphemistic, slang, Britain, usually with "off") To go away.

Derived terms

• bog off

Anagrams

• gob

References

1. 1 2 Oxford English Dictionary, 1st ed. "bog, n.¹" & "bog, v.¹" Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1887.
2. ↑ Oxford Dictionaries. "British English: bog". Oxford University Press (Oxford), 2016.
3. 1 2 The Collins English Dictionary. "bog". HarperCollins (London), 2016.
4. ↑ Oxford English Dictionary, "bog, n.⁴"
5. ↑ Oxford English Dictionary, "'bog-house, n." & "† 'boggard, n.²".
6. ↑ Merriam-Webster Online. "bog". Merriam-Webster (Springfield, Mass.), 2016.
7. ↑ Oxford English Dictionary, "bog, v.³"
8. ↑ Oxford English Dictionary. "† bog | bogge, n.²"
9. ↑ Oxford English Dictionary, "† bog, adj. and n.³" & † bog, v.²".

Danish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bɔɡ/, [ˈb̥ɔʊ̯ˀ]
• Rhymes: -ɔʊ̯

Etymology 1

From Old Norse bók ‎(“beech, book”), from Proto-Germanic *bōks, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵos ‎(“beech”).

Noun

bog c (singular definite bogen, plural indefinite bøger)

1. book

Derived terms

• ordbog c

Inflection

Etymology 2

Maybe from Middle Low German bōk.

Noun

bog c (singular definite bogen, plural indefinite bog)

1. beech mast

Inflection

Related terms

• bogfinke c
• boghvede c

French

Noun

bog m ‎(plural bogs)

1. (ecology) An ombrotrophic peatland.

Antonyms

• fen

German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [boːk]

Verb

bog

1. past tense of biegen

Hungarian

Etymology

From Proto-Finno-Ugric *poŋka ‎(“tuber, boil, unevenness”), along with Estonian pung.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈboɡ]

Noun

bog ‎(plural bogok)

1. knot

Declension

Derived terms

• bogos
• bogoz

(Compound words):

• ág-bog

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish boc ‎(“soft, gentle, tender; tepid”), from Proto-Celtic *buggos.

The verb is from Old Irish bocaid ‎(“softens, makes soft; moves; shakes”), from the adjective.

Pronunciation

• (Munster, Connacht) IPA^(key): /bˠɔɡ/
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /bˠʌɡ/

Adjective

bog ‎(genitive singular masculine boig, genitive singular feminine boige, plural boga, comparative boige)

1. soft; yielding; tender; (of physical condition) flabby; (of disposition) indulgent, lenient, soft, foolish; (of living, conduct, etc.) easy; (of sound, voice) soft, mellow; (of weather) soft, wet; (of winter) mild, humid
2. loose
3. lukewarm

Declension

Derived terms

Noun

bog m ‎(genitive singular boig)

1. soft
2. (anatomy, of ear) lobe

Declension

Synonyms

• (lobe): liopa, maothán

Verb

bog ‎(present analytic bogann, future analytic bogfaidh, verbal noun bogadh, past participle bogtha) (transitive, intransitive)

1. soften, become soft; (of pain) ease; (of milk) warm; (of weather) get milder; soften, move (someone's heart)
2. move, loosen; (of a cradle) rock

Conjugation

Derived terms

• casacht a bhogadh ‎(“to loosen a cough”)

Mutation

References

• "bog" in Foclóir Gaeilge-Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
• “1 boc” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.
• “bocaid” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.

Lojban

Rafsi

bog

1. rafsi of bongu.

Lower Sorbian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *bogъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [bɔk]
• Homophones: Bog, bok

Noun

bog m ‎(feminine equivalent bogowka)

1. god

Declension

Derived terms

• bóžy ‎(“godly, divine”)

Molise Croatian

Etymology

From Serbo-Croatian bog.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bôːg/

Noun

bog m

1. god

Declension

References

• Walter Breu and Giovanni Piccoli (2000), Dizionario croato molisano di Acquaviva Collecroce: Dizionario plurilingue della lingua slava della minoranza di provenienza dalmata di Acquaviva Collecroce in Provincia di Campobasso (Parte grammaticale).

Norwegian

Noun

bog m

1. shoulder (of an animal)

Inflection

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *bōguz. Cognate with Old Saxon bōg, Dutch boeg ‎(“shoulders, chest of a horse”), Old High German buog (German Bug ‎(“horse’s hock, ship’s prow”)), Old Norse bógr (Icelandic bógur, Swedish bog ‎(“shoulder”)).

Pronunciation

Noun

bōg n ‎(nominative plural bōg)

1. the arm or shoulder
2. a branch or bough of a tree

Descendants

• English: bough
• Scots: beuch

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish boc ‎(“soft, gentle, tender; tepid”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [b̊oɡ̊]

Adjective

bog ‎(comparative buige)

1. soft
2. wet, damp, moist

Declension

Derived terms

Mutation

References

• Faclair Gàidhlig Dwelly Air Loidhne, Dwelly, Edward (1911), Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan/The Illustrated [Scottish] Gaelic-English Dictionary (10th ed.), Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, ISBN 0 901771 92 9
• “1 boc” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *bogъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bôːɡ/

Noun

bȏg m ‎(Cyrillic spelling бо̑г)

1. god, deity
2. (colloquial) idol, god

Declension

Derived terms

• bogòvskī
• božànstvo
• bȍžjī

Related terms

• Bȏg
• bògat

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *bogъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbóːk/
• Tonal orthography: bọ̑g

Noun

bóg m anim ‎(genitive bogá, nominative plural bogôvi)

1. god

Declension