German

Noun

Rast f ‎(genitive Rast, plural Rasten)

1. rest, a pause, a halt; to stop a march, hike or journey for recreational purposes

Declension

Derived terms

• rastlos

German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʀaːst/

Verb

rast

1. Second-person singular present of rasen.
2. Third-person singular present of rasen.
3. Second-person plural present of rasen.
4. Imperative plural of rasen.

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʀast/

Verb

rast

1. Imperative singular of rasten.
2. (colloquial) First-person singular present of rasten.

Latvian

Etymology

This word is the reflex of two different Proto-Indo-European forms: *wer-d-, *wr-ed- ‎(“to bend, to sway”) and *werdʰ-, *wr-edʰ-, *h₂erHdʰ- ‎(“to grow; high”), both from the stem *wer- ‎(“to bend, to turn”).^[1] Both forms yielded Proto-Baltic *red-, *rad-, from which *rad-ti > *rasti > rast. The present tense form was derived with an extra n: *randuo > *ruodu > rodu; cf. dialectal variants ronu, romu. From the meaning “to bend, to sway” came “to raise, to obtain (by bending down to get it)” > “to obtain, to get, to find.” From the meaning “to grow” came not only the meanings of the Lithuanian reflexive form, but also those of Latvian related forms like raža ‎(“harvest”), rasma ‎(“fecundity”), radīt ‎(“to create”), radi ‎(“relatives”) and the 18th-century adjective rastīgs ‎(“fertile, successful”). This semantic diversity also explains the divergent meanings of the derived prefixed verbs (atrast ‎(“to find; to lose a habit, a skill”), ierast parast, pierast ‎(“to get used to”), etc.). Cognates include Lithuanian ràsti ‎(“to find, to obain by searching; to notice; to determine, to establish; to happen, to be”), reflexive ràstis ‎(“to grow quickly, strongly; to give birth; to rise, to get up; to become; to happen; to come, to arrive; to get somewhere”); from *werd- ‎(“to bend, to sway”), also Gothic 𐍅𐍂𐌰𐍄𐍉 ‎(wratō, “to go, to travel”), Icelandic rata ‎(“to travel, to find one's way”), Middle High German razzeln ‎(“to turn”); from *werdʰ ‎(“to grow”), Old Church Slavonic расти ‎(rasti, “to grow”), Russian расти ‎(rasti), Polish róść, Sanskrit वर्धति ‎(várdhati), वृधति ‎(vr̥dháti, “to grow, to increase”), Ancient Greek ὀρθός ‎(orthós, “straight, upright”) (and perhaps also, from a possible variant form *Herdʰ, *Hredʰ-, Latin arduus ‎(“lofty, high”), arbor ‎(“tree”)).^[2]

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɾast]

Verb

rast tr., 1st conj., pres. rodu, rodi, rod, past radu

1. to find (to cause by searching that something (desirable, necessary) be present, in use, or in one's possession)

   rast jaunu dzimteni‎ ― to find a new homeland

   nerast nekur mieru‎ ― to not find peace anywhere

   rast kopīgu valodu‎ ― to find a common language (= to communicate)

   mīļa, mīļa tēva sēta, kur mīļaku vietu rast!‎ ― dear, dear father's (= home) ranch, where to find a favorite place!

2. to find (to discover via research)

   institūta laboratorijās rastas jaunas sveķu izmantošanas iespējas‎ ― in the laboratories of the institute new possibilities of use for resin (were) found

3. to find (to choose, e.g., the right word, in one's thoughts)

   kā lai vārdus rod?‎ ― how does one find the (right) words?

4. to find, to receive (e.g., help, understanding, from others)

   kur rast atbalstu? draugos?‎ ― where to find support? with (lit. in) friends?

   viņš rod ierosmi dabā‎ ― he finds inspiration in nature

   viņa gribētu rast apstiprinājumu‎ ― she would like to find approval

5. to find, to start (e.g., a state, a situation, a relationship)

   rast draudzību‎ ― to find friendship

   komponista sirsnība un vienkāršība palīdzēja rast ciešu kontaktu ar publiku‎ ― the composer's sincerity and simplicity helped him find, achieve chose contact with the audience

6. to find (to be such that a certain mental state is caused)

   rast spēkus, mierinājumu, prieku‎ ― to find strength, comfort, joy

   rast prieku darbā‎ ― to find joy in work

   cik sevi vēros, vairāk sāpes radu‎ ― the more I observe myself, the more I find pain

7. (in the past active participle form radis) accustomed, used to

   viņš nebija radis daudz domāt, tāpēc jutās noguris‎ ― he wasn't used to thinking a lot, so he felt tired

   meitene pie grūta darba nav radusi‎ ― the girl wasn't used to hard work

8. (rare, in the past passive participle form rasts) usual, well-known

   uz ciemu īstenībā ved ne viens vien ceļš, bet tā ir rasts un iegājies, ka tos citus vairs neizmanto‎ ― in fact more than one road leads to the village, but it is well known tradition that the others are no longer used

Conjugation

Derived terms

prefixed verbs:

other derived terms:

• rasties
• (dated term) rastīgs

Related terms

• radīt
• radi, radinieks
• rasma, rasmīgs
• raža, ražens, ražīgs

References

1. ↑ There is some doubt about the correctness of this Proto-Indo-European form. The Lexikon der Indogermanischen Verben (ref.?) proposes *redh- ‎(“to appear, to arise”) as the source for this verb.
2. ↑ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “rast”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, ISBN 9984-700-12-7

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From rȃsti ‎(“to grow”)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /râːst/

Noun

rȃst m ‎(Cyrillic spelling ра̑ст)

1. (uncountable) growth
2. (uncountable) height

Declension

References

• “rast” in Hrvatski jezični portal

Slovene

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈráːst/
• Tonal orthography: rȃst

Noun

rást f ‎(genitive rastí, uncountable)

1. growth

Declension

Related terms

• rásti

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse rǫst, from Proto-Germanic *rastō, *rastijō ‎(“rest”), from Proto-Indo-European *ros-, *res-, *erH- ‎(“rest”).

Noun

rast c

1. a break (rest or pause, usually from work)

Declension

Related terms

• rasta
• rastgård
• skolrast