Dalmatian

Noun

vaina f

1. vein

Latvian

Alternative forms

• (dialectal forms) vaine, vaiņa

Etymology

From Proto-Baltic *wei-, *wai- (with an added suffix -nā-), from Proto-Indo-European *wei- ‎(“to move, go ahead; to be strong”). Cognates include Lithuanian vainóti ‎(“to criticize, to scold”) (compare archaic Lithuanian vaina ‎(“error, transgression”)), Old Prussian etwinūt ‎(“to blame”) (maybe a borrowing from Slavic), Russian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian вина ‎(viná), Belarusian віна ‎(viná, “fault, guilt, transgression”).^[1]

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [vāīna]

Noun

vaina f (4th declension)

1. fault, guilt (an offense punishable according to the law; behavior or conduct with bad consequences)

   pierādīta vaina‎ ― proven guilt

   vainas apziņa‎ ― awareness of guilt

   neapzināties savu vainu‎ ― to be unaware of, not acknowledge one's guilt

   atzīt savu vainu‎ ― to plead guilty

   noliegt savu vainu‎ ― to deny one's guilt, to plead not guilty

   vainu mīkstinoši apstākļi‎ ― mitigating circumstances

   vainu pastiprinoši apstākļi‎ ― aggravating circumstances

   būt pie vainas‎ ― to be to blame

2. defect, imperfection, flaw, fault

   viņa darbs ir bez vainas‎ ― his work is without flaw

   tā ir maza vaina!‎ ― this is a small flaw!

   šai drānai nav nekādas vainas‎ ― this fabric has no flaw

   kas uzvalkam vaina?‎ ― what is the problem with the suit?

   aparātam ir kāda vaina, ka tas nedarbojas‎ ― the machine has some problem, it doesn't work

3. disease, ailment, wound

   viņi visas vainas ārstējot ar zāļu tējām'‎ ― they treat all diseases with herbal teas

   sūdzēties par visādām vainām‎ ― to complain about all kinds of ailments

   izmazgāt vainas‎ ― to wash one's wounds

4. cause

   ja viņš nestrādā, tad tā ir tikai slinkuma vaina‎ ― if he doesn't work, it is only because of laziness

Declension

Derived terms

• vaininieks, vaininiece
• vainīgs, vainīgums, vainība
  • nevainīgs, nevainīgums, nevainība
• vainot

References

1. ↑ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “vaina”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, ISBN 9984-700-12-7

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin vāgīna. Compare Portuguese bainha, also French gaine, Italian guaina.

Pronuncation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbai.na/

Noun

vaina f ‎(plural vainas)

1. pod
2. scabbard, sheath
3. case, casing
   • 2005, Vsevolod Smirnoff, Recuerdos de una astilla, page 11:

     Entre los dos yacía en el piso una vaina de cartucho de revólver.

     On the floor between the two lay a revolver cartridge case.

4. (Colombia, Peru, Venezuela, Dominican Republic, colloquial) thing, gadget
5. (Colombia, Peru, Venezuela, colloquial) hickey
6. (slang) worthless person
7. (regional) green bean

Synonyms

• (thing, gadget): chisme m, chunche m (Mexico), coso m (River Plate region)
• (green bean): judía verde, poroto verde