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Definition 2024

仲

仲

仲 U+4EF2, 仲
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EF2
← 仱
[U+4EF1] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 仳 →
[U+4EF3]

Translingual

Han character

仲 (radical 9 人+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 人中 (OL) or X人中 (XOL), four-corner 25206, composition ⿰亻中)

  1. middle (or second) brother
  2. go-between, mediator
  3. A surname​.

References

  • KangXi: page 94, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 403
  • Dae Jaweon: page 200, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 121, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+4EF2

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 仲

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 仲
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Large seal script Small seal script
Oracle bone script

j18803

j18804

j18805

j18806

j18807

j18808

j18809

j18810

j18811

j18812

j18813

j18814

j18815

j18816

j18817

j18818

j18819

j18820

j18821

j18822

j18823

j18824

j18825

j18826

j18827

j18828

j18829

j18830

j18831

j18832

j18833

j18834

j18835

j18836

j18837

j18838

j18839

j18840

j18841

j18842

j18843
Bronze inscriptions

b12253
Large seal script

L35564

L35565

L35566

L35567

L35568

L35569

L18953

L18954

L18955

L18956

L18957

L18952
Small seal script

s05674
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (large seal) and
  • Xu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (中) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
中 *tuŋ, *tuŋs
忠 *tuŋ
衷 *tuŋ, *tuŋs
忡 *tʰuŋ
浺 *tʰuŋ
盅 *tʰuŋ, *duŋ, *tjoŋ
种 *duŋ
沖 *duŋ
翀 *duŋ
仲 *duŋs

A variant of 中, created to separate the sense of seniority from the original meaning of "middle". Equivalent to Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 亻 ‎(“person”) + 中 ‎(“middle”).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 仲
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 澄 (11)
Final (韻) 東 (2)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 直衆切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɖɨuŋH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɖiuŋH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ȡiuŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɖuwŋH/
Li
Rong		 /ȡiuŋH/
Wang
Li		 /ȡĭuŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ȡʱi̯uŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 zhòng
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 仲
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 zhòng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ drjuwngH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*N-truŋ-s/
English middle (of brothers)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 仲
Reading # 1/1
No. 17419
Phonetic
component		 中
Rime
group		 終
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 仲
Old
Chinese		 /*duŋs/

Etymology 1

Derived from Old Chinese 中.

Definitions

仲

  1. (only in compounds, no longer productive) second, especially when referring to seniority of siblings. See usage notes of 伯.
    伯仲  ―  bózhòng  ―  superior and inferior, competition, comparison
  2. (only in compounds, no longer productive) middle.
    仲夏  ―  zhòngxià  ―  midsummer

Etymology 2

Uncertain. Maybe derived from etymology 1, or a variant of 總.

Definitions

仲

  1. (Cantonese) still (referring to time)
    佢而家都仲食緊飯。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    佢而家都仲食紧饭。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    Keoi5 ji4 gaa1 dou1zung6 sik6 gan2 faan6. [Jyutping]
    He is still eating, even now.

Etymology 3

From Japanese 仲 ‎(naka, “social relationship”). The Japanese word adopted this character by reinterpretation, itself derived from 中 ‎(naka, “inside”).

Definitions

仲

  1. (only in compounds, no longer productive) relation.
    仲裁  ―  zhòngcái  ―  arbitration

Japanese

Kanji in this term
仲
なか
Grade: 4
kun'yomi

Noun

仲 ‎(hiragana なか, romaji naka)

  1. relationship, terms

Derived terms

Kanji

仲

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Korean

Hanja

仲 • ‎(jung) (hangeul 중, revised jung, McCune-Reischauer chung)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

仲 (trọng)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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