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Definition 2024

伯

伯

伯 U+4F2F, 伯
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F2F
← 伮
[U+4F2E] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 估 →
[U+4F30]
See also: 旧

Translingual

Han character

伯 (radical 9 人+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人竹日 (OHA), four-corner 26200, composition ⿰亻白)

  1. older brother
  2. father's elder brother
  3. senior male 'sire'
  4. feudal rank: count, earl
  5. Brazil

Antonyms

References

  • KangXi: page 96, character 16
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 466
  • Dae Jaweon: page 204, character 20
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 136, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+4F2F

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 伯

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 伯
Oracle bone script

j18802
Bronze inscriptions

b12252
Large seal script

L38151

L38152

L38153

L38154

L38155

L38156

L27760

L27761

L27762

L27763

L27764

L27765

L27766

L27767

L27768

L27769
Small seal script

s05673
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (large seal) and
  • Xu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (白) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
怕 *pʰraːɡs, *pʰraːɡ
帕 *pʰraːɡs, *mbraːd
粕 *pʰaːɡ, *pʰraːɡ
胉 *pʰaːɡ
泊 *baːɡ
箔 *baːɡ
魄 *tʰaːɡ, *pʰraːɡ
皕 *prɯɡ
伯 *praːɡ
百 *praːɡ
迫 *praːɡ
敀 *praːɡ, *pʰraːɡ
柏 *praːɡ
湐 *praːɡ
拍 *pʰraːɡ
珀 *pʰraːɡ
皛 *pʰraːɡ, *ɡeːwʔ
洦 *mpʰraːɡ, *mbraːɡ
白 *braːɡ
帛 *braːɡ
舶 *braːɡ
鮊 *braːɡ
陌 *mbraːɡ
帞 *mbraːɡ
袹 *mbraːɡ
蛨 *mbraːɡ
貊 *mbraːɡ
佰 *mbraːɡ
銆 *mbraːɡ
碧 *praɡ, *preɡ
咟 *ɦmreːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *praːɡ) : semantic 亻 ‎(“person”) + phonetic 白 ‎(OC *braːɡ).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 伯
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 陌 (113)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 博陌切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /pˠæk̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /pᵚak̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /pak̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /paɨjk̚/
Li
Rong		 /pɐk̚/
Wang
Li		 /pɐk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /pɐk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 bo
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 伯
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 bó
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ pæk ›
Old
Chinese		 /*pˤrak/
English father’s elder brother

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 伯
Reading # 1/1
No. 193
Phonetic
component		 白
Rime
group		 鐸
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 伯
Old
Chinese		 /*praːɡ/

Noun

伯

  1. (archaic) eldest brother
  2. father's elder brother
  3. form of address for senior males
  4. count (rank)
    ⇒ 五等爵位

Usage notes

  • In Old Chinese children of a same father are referred to in order as 伯 (1st), 仲 (2nd), 叔 (3rd) and 季 (4th). The usage of 仲 and 季 was later eliminated but 伯 and 叔 remained in use of referring to elder and younger male relatives. Besides, to use 伯仲叔季 in personal names was a common practice in the past, and this is still occasionally seen nowadays.

References

Japanese

Noun

伯 ‎(hiragana はく, romaji haku)

  1. count, earl
  2. eldest brother, eldest uncle
  3. chief official
  4. (abbreviation) Brazil

Kanji

伯

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Korean

Hanja

伯 • ‎(baek, pae)
Eumhun:

  • Sound (hangeul): 백, 패 (revised: baek, pae, McCune-Reischauer: paek, p'ae)
  • Name (hangeul): 맏, 우두머리, 큰아버지, 백작()
  1. (맏 백, mat-): eldest (elder) brother
  2. (우두머리 백, udumeori-): chief, chieftain, feudal rank count, earl (abolished in the late 14th century)

Synonyms

Compounds

  • 伯父 (백부, baek-bu) father's elder brother
  • 伯母 (백모, baek-mo) father's elder brother's wife

See also

Vietnamese

Han character

伯 (bá, bác)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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