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Definition 2024


U+4F2F, 伯
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F2F

[U+4F2E]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+4F30]
See also:

Translingual

Han character

(radical 9 +5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人竹日 (OHA), four-corner 26200, composition)

  1. older brother
  2. father's elder brother
  3. senior male 'sire'
  4. feudal rank: count, earl
  5. Brazil

Antonyms

References

  • KangXi: page 96, character 16
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 466
  • Dae Jaweon: page 204, character 20
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 136, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+4F2F

Chinese

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character





References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (large seal) and
  • Xu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*pʰraːɡs, *pʰraːɡ
*pʰraːɡs, *mbraːd
*pʰaːɡ, *pʰraːɡ
*pʰaːɡ
*baːɡ
*baːɡ
*tʰaːɡ, *pʰraːɡ
*prɯɡ
*praːɡ
*praːɡ
*praːɡ
*praːɡ, *pʰraːɡ
*praːɡ
*praːɡ
*pʰraːɡ
*pʰraːɡ
*pʰraːɡ, *ɡeːwʔ
*mpʰraːɡ, *mbraːɡ
*braːɡ
*braːɡ
*braːɡ
*braːɡ
*mbraːɡ
*mbraːɡ
*mbraːɡ
*mbraːɡ
*mbraːɡ
*mbraːɡ
*mbraːɡ
*praɡ, *preɡ
*ɦmreːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *praːɡ) : semantic  (person) + phonetic  (OC *braːɡ).

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (1)
Final () (113)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () II
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/pˠæk̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/pᵚak̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/pak̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/paɨjk̚/
Li
Rong
/pɐk̚/
Wang
Li
/pɐk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/pɐk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
bo
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ pæk ›
Old
Chinese
/*pˤrak/
English father’s elder brother

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 193
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*praːɡ/

Noun

  1. (archaic) eldest brother
  2. father's elder brother
  3. form of address for senior males
  4. count (rank)
    五等爵位

Usage notes

  • In Old Chinese children of a same father are referred to in order as 伯 (1st), 仲 (2nd), 叔 (3rd) and 季 (4th). The usage of 仲 and 季 was later eliminated but 伯 and 叔 remained in use of referring to elder and younger male relatives. Besides, to use 伯仲叔季 in personal names was a common practice in the past, and this is still occasionally seen nowadays.

References


Japanese

Noun

(hiragana はく, romaji haku)

  1. count, earl
  2. eldest brother, eldest uncle
  3. chief official
  4. (abbreviation) Brazil

Kanji

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Compounds


Korean

Hanja

(baek, pae)
Eumhun:

  • Sound (hangeul): ,  (revised: baek, pae, McCune-Reischauer: paek, p'ae)
  • Name (hangeul): 맏, 우두머리, 큰아버지, 백작()
  1. (맏 백, mat-): eldest (elder) brother
  2. (우두머리 백, udumeori-): chief, chieftain, feudal rank count, earl (abolished in the late 14th century)

Synonyms

Compounds

  • 伯父 (백부, baek-bu) father's elder brother
  • 伯母 (백모, baek-mo) father's elder brother's wife

See also


Vietnamese

Han character

(, bác)

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References