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Definition 2024

總

總

See also: 总 and 総

Translingual

Traditional 總
Shinjitai 総
Simplified 总

Han character

總 (radical 120 糸+11, 17 strokes, cangjie input 女火竹田心 (VFHWP), four-corner 26930)

Descendants

References

  • KangXi: page 936, character 21
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27844
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1375, character 19
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3444, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+7E3D

Chinese

trad. 總
simp. 总
alt. forms 緫
捴

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (囱) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
牎 *sʰroːŋ
窗 *sʰroːŋ
窓 *sʰroːŋ
囱 *sʰroːŋ, *sʰloːŋ
總 *ʔsloːŋʔ
熜 *ʔsloːŋʔ
傯 *ʔsloːŋʔ
緫 *ʔsloːŋʔ
揔 *ʔsloːŋʔ
偬 *ʔsloːŋʔ, *ʔsloːŋs
囪 *sʰloːŋ
璁 *sʰloːŋ
驄 *sʰloːŋ
蔥 *sʰloːŋ
匆 *sʰloːŋ
怱 *sʰloːŋ
葱 *sʰloːŋ
楤 *sʰloːŋ
聦 *sʰloːŋ
繱 *sʰloːŋ
騘 *sʰloːŋ
鍯 *sʰloːŋ
聰 *sʰloːŋ
愡 *sʰloːŋs
檧 *sloːŋ, *sloːŋʔ
憽 *sloːŋ
幒 *sʰloŋʔ, *kjoŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ʔsloːŋʔ) : semantic 糸 ‎(“rope”) + phonetic 悤.

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 總
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 精 (13)
Final (韻) 東 (1)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 作孔切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /t͡suŋX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /t͡suŋX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /t͡suŋX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /t͡səwŋX/
Li
Rong		 /t͡suŋX/
Wang
Li		 /t͡suŋX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /t͡suŋX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 zǒng
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 總 總
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 zōng zǒng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ tsuwng › ‹ tsuwngX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ts]ˤoŋ/ /*[ts]ˤoŋ/
English bundle of threads bind together

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 總
Reading # 1/1
No. 1810
Phonetic
component		 囱
Rime
group		 東
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 緫
Old
Chinese		 /*ʔsloːŋʔ/
Notes 集韻同緫

Definitions

總

  1. to collect
  2. overall; altogether
  3. always

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

總

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 総)

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Readings

Korean

Hanja

總 • ‎(chong) (hangeul 총, revised chong, McCune-Reischauer ch'ong, Yale chong)

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Vietnamese

Han character

總 (tổng)

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