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Definition 2024
入
入
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Translingual
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Han character
入 (radical 11 入+0, 2 strokes, cangjie input 人竹 (OH), four-corner 80000)
- Kangxi radical #11, ⼊ (“enter”).
Usage notes
In print, 入 may have symmetric legs, and look like 人 with a hook at top left. However in handwriting, to distinguish from 人, the left leg will be shorter, the shape looking like λ (lambda); in 人 the right leg is shorter.
References
- KangXi: page 125, character 32
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1415
- Dae Jaweon: page 266, character 18
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 102, character 1
- Unihan data for U+5165
Chinese
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simp. and trad. |
入 | |
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Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 入
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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Ideogram (指事) - an arrowhead indicating "to enter".
Compare 人 (rén).
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *nup ~ nip. Cognate with Tibetan ནུབ་པ (nub pa, “to fall (gradually), sink, to set; to decay, to decline”) and Burmese နိပ် (nip, “to decline (e.g. price); to be suppressed, to settle, to be quelled”).
Chinese characters belonging to the same word family include:
- 納 (OC *nuːb, “to make enter”)
- 內 (OC *nuːbs, “inside”)
- 軜 (OC *nuːb, “reins on the inside of the horse”)
- 妠 (OC *nuːms, *nuːb, *rnoːd, “to marry (a girl)”)
- and potentially Cantonese 擸 (laap3, “to bring together, to collect”)
The regular Mandarin pronunciation as predicted from Middle Chinese is rì. The irregular sound change is for taboo reasons - to avoid homophony with its derived vulgar meaning "to enter > to have sexual intercourse", nowadays represented by 日 (rì).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): jap6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngi̍p
- Min Dong (BUC): ĭk
- Min Nan
- Wu (Wiktionary): zeq (T5); nyiq (T5)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄖㄨˋ
- Wade-Giles: ju4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ruh
- IPA (key): /ʐu⁵¹/
-
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: jap6
- Yale: yahp
- Cantonese Pinyin: jap9
- IPA (key): /jɐp̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngi̍p
- Hakka Romanization System: ngib
- Hagfa Pinyim: ngib6
- IPA: /ɲip̚⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ĭk
- IPA (key): /iʔ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ji̍p
- Tâi-lô: ji̍p
- Phofsit Daibuun: jip
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ʑip̚¹²¹/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /d͡ʑip̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: li̍p
- Tâi-lô: li̍p
- Phofsit Daibuun: lip
- IPA (Xiamen): /lip̚⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /lip̚²⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /lip̚⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: rib8
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ji̍p
- IPA (key): /d͡zip̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: zeq (T5); nyiq (T5)
- IPA (key): /z̻əʔ¹²/, /ȵi̯ɪʔ¹²/
- Note: 5nyiq - literary.
- (Shanghainese)
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 入 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʐu⁵¹/ |
| Harbin |
/lu⁵³/ /ʐu⁵³/ |
|
| Tianjin |
/iu⁵³/ /ʐu⁵³/ |
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| Jinan | /lu²¹/ | |
| Qingdao | /y⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /ʐu²⁴/ | |
| Xi'an | /vu²¹/ | |
| Xining | /v̩⁴⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /ʐu¹³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /vu¹³/ | |
| Ürümqi |
/ʐu²¹³/ /vu²¹³/ |
|
| Wuhan | /y²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /zu³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /zu²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /ʐu³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /ʐuʔ⁵/ | |
| Hefei | /ʐuəʔ⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan |
/zuəʔ²/ 出～ /zəʔ²/ ～怪 |
| Pingyao |
/zuʌʔ⁵³/ /zz̩ʷ⁵³/ 伸 |
|
| Hohhot | /ʐuəʔ⁴³/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /zəʔ¹/ |
| Suzhou | /zəʔ³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /zəʔ²/ | |
| Wenzhou | /zai²¹³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /y²²/ |
| Tunxi | /ie¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /y²⁴/ |
| Xiangtan | /y²⁴/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /lɨʔ⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /ŋip̚⁵/ |
| Taoyuan | /ŋip̚⁵⁵/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jɐp̚²/ |
| Nanning | /jɐp̚²²/ | |
| Hong Kong | /jɐp̚²/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /lip̚⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /niʔ⁵/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /ni⁴²/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /zip̚⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) |
/zip̚⁵/ /zip̚³/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 入 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 日 (38) |
| Final (韻) | 緝 (141) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 人執切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ȵiɪp̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ȵip̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ȵʑjep̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ȵip̚/ |
| Li Rong |
/ȵiəp̚/ |
| Wang Li |
/ȵʑĭĕp̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ȵʑi̯əp̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
rì |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 入 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
rù |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ nyip › |
| Old Chinese |
/*n[u]p/ |
| English | enter |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 入 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 10885 |
| Phonetic component |
入 |
| Rime group |
緝 |
| Rime subdivision |
3 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
入 |
| Old Chinese |
/*njub/ |
Definitions
入
- to enter, to go into
- to join, to become a member of
- 加入 ― jiārù ― to join
- to accept, to admit
- to pay
- income
- to confirm, to agree
- to conform (to)
- to arrive (at); to attain
- to go to imperial court
- to invade
- (telephony) to get through
- Synonyms: 通 (tōng)
- (Cantonese) inside
- (dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Wu) to ****, to have sexual intercourse
- Short for 入聲／入声 (rùshēng, “the checked tone”).
Compounds
Derived terms from 入
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Japanese
Kanji
入
Readings
- Goon: にゅう (nyū) < にふ (nifu)
- Kan’on: じゅう (jū) < じふ (jifu)
- Kan’yōon: じゅ (ju)
- Kun: い.る (入る, iru), い.り (入り, iri), い.れる (入れる, ireru), はい.る (入る, hairu) < はひ.る
- Nanori: いり (iri), いる (iru), しお (shio), しほ (shiho), なり (nari)
Compounds
Derived terms
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Related terms
Counter
入 (hiragana しお, romaji -shio)
Korean
Hanja
入 • (ip)
Eumhun:
- Sound (hangeul): 입 (revised: ip, McCune-Reischauer: ip)
- Name (hangeul): 들 (revised: deul)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
Han character
入 (nhập, nhạp, nhép, nhẹp)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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