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Definition 2024

剛

剛

剛 U+525B, 剛
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-525B
← 剚
[U+525A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 剜 →
[U+525C]
See also: 刚

Translingual

Han character

剛 (radical 18 刀+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 月山中弓 (BULN), four-corner 72200, composition ⿰岡刂)

  1. hard, tough, rigid, strong

References

  • KangXi: page 141, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2042
  • Dae Jaweon: page 320, character 17
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 344, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+525B

Chinese

trad. 剛
simp. 刚

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (岡) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
岡 *klaːŋ
崗 *klaːŋ
剛 *klaːŋ
掆 *klaːŋ, *klaːŋs
鋼 *klaːŋ, *klaːŋs
綱 *klaːŋ
犅 *klaːŋ
堈 *klaːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *klaːŋ) : phonetic 岡 ‎(OC *klaːŋ) + semantic 刀 ‎(“knife”).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 剛
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 唐 (101)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古郎切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kɑŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kɑŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kaŋ/
Li
Rong		 /kɑŋ/
Wang
Li		 /kɑŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kɑŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 gāng
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 剛
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 gāng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kang ›
Old
Chinese		 /*kˤaŋ/
English strong; hard

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 剛
Reading # 1/1
No. 3713
Phonetic
component		 岡
Rime
group		 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 岡
Old
Chinese		 /*klaːŋ/

Adjective

剛

  1. firm; strong; hard
    他的性格是剛與柔的結合。 [MSC, trad.]
    他的性格是刚与柔的结合。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā de xìnggé shì gāng yǔ róu de jiéhé. [Pinyin]
    His character is a combination of strength and kindness.

Adverb

剛

  1. just; exactly
    剛好 / 刚好  ―  gānghǎo  ―  just, exactly
  2. only a short while ago, just
    剛才 / 刚才  ―  gāngcái  ―  just now, a moment ago
    剛剛 / 刚刚  ―  gānggāng  ―  just now, only
    他剛回來。 / 他刚回来。  ―  Tā gāng huílái.  ―  He has just come back.
  3. barely, just
    一個月1000元的工資，剛夠他吃飯。 [MSC, trad.]
    一个月1000元的工资，刚够他吃饭。 [MSC, simp.]
    Yī ge yuè 1000 yuán de gōngzī, gāng gòu tā chīfàn. [Pinyin]
    He earn 1000 yuan a month, barely enough for food.
  4. as soon as; only at this moment
    他剛做完工作，鈴就響了 [MSC, trad.]
    他刚做完工作，铃就响了 [MSC, simp.]
    tā gāng zuòwán gōngzuò, líng jiù xiǎng le [Pinyin]
    The moment he finished his work, bell rang.

Compounds

  • 剛愎／刚愎
  • 剛愎自用／刚愎自用
  • 剛才／刚才 (gāngcái)
  • 剛果／刚果 (Gāngguǒ)
  • 剛果紅／刚果红
  • 剛架／刚架
  • 剛柔相濟／刚柔相济
  • 剛正／刚正 (gāngzhèng)
  • 剛毅／刚毅 (gāngyì)
  • 剛毛／刚毛
  • 剛氣／刚气
  • 剛烈／刚烈
  • 剛玉／刚玉
  • 剛直／刚直
  • 剛石／刚石
  • 剛砂／刚砂
  • 剛硬／刚硬
  • 剛韌／刚韧
  • 剛體／刚体

Japanese

Kanji

剛

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. sturdy

Readings

Proper noun

剛 ‎(hiragana たけし, romaji Takeshi)

  1. A male given name

剛 ‎(hiragana つよし, romaji Tsuyoshi)

  1. A male given name

剛 ‎(hiragana ごう, romaji Gō)

  1. A male given name

Korean

Hanja

剛 • ‎(gang) (hangeul 강, revised gang, McCune-Reischauer kang)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

剛 (cương, cang)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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