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Definition 2025
柔
柔
Translingual
Han character
柔 (radical 75 木+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 弓竹木 (NHD), four-corner 17904, composition ⿱矛木)
References
- KangXi: page 519, character 5
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14622
- Dae Jaweon: page 907, character 4
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1192, character 2
- Unihan data for U+67D4
Chinese
|
simp. and trad. |
柔 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Characters in the same phonetic series (矛) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 堥 | *muː, *mu |
| 蓩 | *muːʔ, *moːɡ |
| 猱 | *ml'uː, *mljiwʔ, *ml'us |
| 茅 | *mruː |
| 罞 | *mruː, *muːŋ |
| 蝥 | *mruː, *mu, *mo, *moɡs |
| 鶜 | *mruː |
| 瞀 | *moːɡs, *mroːɡ |
| 愗 | *moːɡs |
| 袤 | *mus |
| 雺 | *mus, *mu, *muːŋ, *muːŋs |
| 懋 | *mus |
| 楙 | *mus |
| 矛 | *mu |
| 蟊 | *mu |
| 髳 | *mu, *muːŋ |
| 鍪 | *mu |
| 鞪 | *mu, *moːɡ |
| 糅 | *ml'us |
| 腬 | *ml'us, *mlju |
| 柔 | *mlju |
| 揉 | *mju |
| 蹂 | *mju, *mjuʔ, *mjus |
| 鍒 | *mju |
| 騥 | *mju |
| 蝚 | *mju |
| 葇 | *mju, *mjuʔ |
| 鞣 | *mju, *mjus |
| 鰇 | *mju |
| 瑈 | *mju |
| 鶔 | *mju |
| 楺 | *mjuʔ |
| 煣 | *mjuʔ, *mjus |
| 輮 | *mjuʔ, *mjus |
| 韖 | *mjuʔ |
| 敄 | *moʔ, *mos |
| 務 | *moɡs |
| 鶩 | *moɡs, *moːɡ |
| 騖 | *moɡs |
| 婺 | *moɡs |
| 霚 | *moɡs, *moːŋ |
| 嵍 | *moɡs |
| 霧 | *moɡs, *moːŋ |
| 霿 | *moːŋ, *moːŋs |
| 楘 | *moːɡ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 矛 + 木 (“tree”) – wood soft enough that it can easily be cut.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄖㄡˊ
- Wade-Giles: jou2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: rou
- IPA (key): /ʐoʊ̯³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: jau4
- Yale: yàuh
- Cantonese Pinyin: jau4
- IPA (key): /jɐu̯²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 柔 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʐou³⁵/ |
| Harbin | /ʐou²⁴/ | |
| Tianjin |
/iou⁴⁵/ /ʐou⁴⁵/ |
|
| Jinan | /ʐou⁴²/ | |
| Qingdao | /iou⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /ʐou⁴²/ | |
| Xi'an | /ʐou²⁴/ | |
| Xining | /ʐɯ²¹³/ | |
| Yinchuan | /ʐəu⁵³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /ʐou⁵³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /ʐɤu⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /nəu²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /zəu³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /zəu²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /ʐəu³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /ʐəɯ²⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /ʐɯ⁵⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /zəu¹¹/ |
| Pingyao | /ʐəu¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /ʐəu³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /zɤ²³/ |
| Suzhou | /zɤ¹³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /zei²¹³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /jɤu³¹/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /iu⁴⁴/ |
| Tunxi | ||
| Xiang | Changsha | /iəu¹³/ |
| Xiangtan | /iəɯ¹²/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | |
| Hakka | Meixian | /iu¹¹/ |
| Taoyuan | /ʒiu¹¹/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jɐu²¹/ |
| Nanning | /jɐu²¹/ | |
| Hong Kong | /jɐu²¹/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /liu³⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /ieu⁵³/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /iu²¹/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /zĩu⁵⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /ziu²¹³/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 柔 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 日 (38) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 耳由切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ȵɨu/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ȵiu/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ȵʑiəu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ȵuw/ |
| Li Rong |
/ȵiu/ |
| Wang Li |
/ȵʑĭəu/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ȵʑi̯ə̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
róu |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 柔 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
róu |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ nyuw › |
| Old Chinese |
/*nu/ |
| English | soft |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 柔 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 8825 |
| Phonetic component |
矛 |
| Rime group |
幽 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
柔 |
| Old Chinese |
/*mlju/ |
Definitions
柔
Compounds
Japanese
Kanji
柔
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Readings
- Goon: にゅう (nyū) < にう (niu)
- Kan’on: じゅう (jū) < じう (jiu)
- Kun: やわらかい (yawarakai) < やはらかい (yaharakai), やわらげる (yawarageru) < やはらげる (yaharageru), やわらぐ (yawaragu) < やはらぐ (yaharagu)
Compounds
Compounds
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 柔 |
|
やわ Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
Pronunciation
Adjectival noun
柔 (-na inflection, hiragana やわ, romaji yawa, historical hiragana やは)
Etymology 2
Noun
柔 (hiragana やわら, romaji yawara, historical hiragana やはら)
- A small handheld metal weapon; like a 'fist-iron'; either one or two small, thick sticks which stick out about an inch from each side of the hand--usually used in pairs to initiate throws, bone breaks, and pressure point strikes; inspired from the vajra/kongō.
See also
-
柔 on the Japanese Wikipedia.Wikipedia ja
Etymology 3
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 柔 |
|
じゅう Grade: S |
| on'yomi |
Pronunciation
Noun
柔 (hiragana じゅう, romaji jū, historical hiragana じう)
References
- 1 2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
- 1 2 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
Korean
Hanja
柔 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune-Reischauer yu, Yale yu)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Vietnamese
Han character
柔 (nhu)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.