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Definition 2024

柔

柔

Translingual

Han character

柔 (radical 75 木+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 弓竹木 (NHD), four-corner 17904, composition ⿱矛木)

References

  • KangXi: page 519, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14622
  • Dae Jaweon: page 907, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1192, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+67D4

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 柔

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (矛) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
堥 *muː, *mu
蓩 *muːʔ, *moːɡ
猱 *ml'uː, *mljiwʔ, *ml'us
茅 *mruː
罞 *mruː, *muːŋ
蝥 *mruː, *mu, *mo, *moɡs
鶜 *mruː
瞀 *moːɡs, *mroːɡ
愗 *moːɡs
袤 *mus
雺 *mus, *mu, *muːŋ, *muːŋs
懋 *mus
楙 *mus
矛 *mu
蟊 *mu
髳 *mu, *muːŋ
鍪 *mu
鞪 *mu, *moːɡ
糅 *ml'us
腬 *ml'us, *mlju
柔 *mlju
揉 *mju
蹂 *mju, *mjuʔ, *mjus
鍒 *mju
騥 *mju
蝚 *mju
葇 *mju, *mjuʔ
鞣 *mju, *mjus
鰇 *mju
瑈 *mju
鶔 *mju
楺 *mjuʔ
煣 *mjuʔ, *mjus
輮 *mjuʔ, *mjus
韖 *mjuʔ
敄 *moʔ, *mos
務 *moɡs
鶩 *moɡs, *moːɡ
騖 *moɡs
婺 *moɡs
霚 *moɡs, *moːŋ
嵍 *moɡs
霧 *moɡs, *moːŋ
霿 *moːŋ, *moːŋs
楘 *moːɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 矛 + 木 ‎(“tree”) – wood soft enough that it can easily be cut.

Pronunciation

  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 柔
Mandarin Beijing /ʐou³⁵/
Harbin /ʐou²⁴/
Tianjin /iou⁴⁵/
/ʐou⁴⁵/
Jinan /ʐou⁴²/
Qingdao /iou⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʐou⁴²/
Xi'an /ʐou²⁴/
Xining /ʐɯ²¹³/
Yinchuan /ʐəu⁵³/
Lanzhou /ʐou⁵³/
Ürümqi /ʐɤu⁵¹/
Wuhan /nəu²¹³/
Chengdu /zəu³¹/
Guiyang /zəu²¹/
Kunming /ʐəu³¹/
Nanjing /ʐəɯ²⁴/
Hefei /ʐɯ⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /zəu¹¹/
Pingyao /ʐəu¹³/
Hohhot /ʐəu³¹/
Wu Shanghai /zɤ²³/
Suzhou /zɤ¹³/
Hangzhou /zei²¹³/
Wenzhou /jɤu³¹/
Hui Shexian /iu⁴⁴/
Tunxi
Xiang Changsha /iəu¹³/
Xiangtan /iəɯ¹²/
Gan Nanchang
Hakka Meixian /iu¹¹/
Taoyuan /ʒiu¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jɐu²¹/
Nanning /jɐu²¹/
Hong Kong /jɐu²¹/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /liu³⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /ieu⁵³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /iu²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan) /zĩu⁵⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /ziu²¹³/
Rime
Character 柔
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 日 (38)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 耳由切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ȵɨu/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ȵiu/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ȵʑiəu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ȵuw/
Li
Rong		 /ȵiu/
Wang
Li		 /ȵʑĭəu/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ȵʑi̯ə̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 róu
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 柔
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 róu
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ nyuw ›
Old
Chinese		 /*nu/
English soft

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 柔
Reading # 1/1
No. 8825
Phonetic
component		 矛
Rime
group		 幽
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 柔
Old
Chinese		 /*mlju/

Definitions

柔

  1. soft
  2. gentle, pliant

Compounds

  • 柔肠寸断
  • 柔道 (róudào)
  • 柔和
  • 柔滑
  • 柔麻
  • 柔美
  • 柔媚
  • 柔嫩
  • 柔懦
  • 柔情
  • 柔韧
  • 柔软
  • 柔软体操
  • 柔润
  • 柔弱
  • 柔声
  • 柔顺
  • 柔婉
  • 柔细
  • 柔中有刚
  • 柔術 (róushù)

Japanese

Kanji

柔

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

  • Goon: にゅう (nyū) < にう (niu)
  • Kan’on: じゅう (jū) < じう (jiu)
  • Kun: やわらかい (yawarakai) < やはらかい (yaharakai), やわらげる (yawarageru) < やはらげる (yaharageru), やわらぐ (yawaragu) < やはらぐ (yaharagu)

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
柔
やわ
Grade: S
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

Adjectival noun

柔 ‎(-na inflection, hiragana やわ, romaji yawa, historical hiragana やは)

  1. weak

Etymology 2

Noun

柔 ‎(hiragana やわら, romaji yawara, historical hiragana やはら)

  1. A small handheld metal weapon; like a 'fist-iron'; either one or two small, thick sticks which stick out about an inch from each side of the hand--usually used in pairs to initiate throws, bone breaks, and pressure point strikes; inspired from the vajra/kongō.

See also

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
柔
じゅう
Grade: S
on'yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

柔 ‎(hiragana じゅう, romaji jū, historical hiragana じう)

  1. softness

References

  1. 1 2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
  2. 1 2 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3

Korean

Hanja

柔 • ‎(yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune-Reischauer yu, Yale yu)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

柔 (nhu)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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