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Definition 2024

由

由

See also: 田, 甲, 申, and 甶

Translingual

Han character

由 (radical 102 田+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 中田 (LW), four-corner 50600, composition ⿻十囗)

Derived characters

Descendants

References

  • KangXi: page 757, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21724
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1167, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2524, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+7531

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 由

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (由) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
袖 *ljɯwɢs
岫 *ljɯwɢs
牰 *ljɯwɢs, *lɯwɢs
抽 *l̥ʰɯw
妯 *l̥ʰɯw, *l'ɯwɢ
紬 *l'ɯw
怞 *l'ɯw
鮋 *l'ɯw, *ɦljɯw, *lɯw
菗 *rlɯw
宙 *l'ɯwɢs
胄 *l'ɯwɢs
冑 *l'ɯwɢs
伷 *l'ɯwɢs
駎 *l'ɯwɢs
油 *lɯw, *lɯwɢs
由 *lɯw
蚰 *lɯw
秞 *lɯw
邮 *lɯw
釉 *lɯwɢs
柚 *lɯwɢs, *l'ɯwɢ
鼬 *lɯwɢs
苖 *l'ɯːwɢ, *l̥ʰɯwɢ
笛 *l'ɯːwɢ
迪 *l'ɯːwɢ
頔 *l'ɯːwɢ
軸 *l'ɯwɢ
舳 *l'ɯwɢ

Pronunciation

  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 由
Mandarin Beijing /iou³⁵/
Harbin /iou²⁴/
Tianjin /iou⁴⁵/
Jinan /iou⁴²/
Qingdao /iou⁴²/
Zhengzhou /iou⁴²/
Xi'an /iou²⁴/
Xining /iɯ²⁴/
Yinchuan /iəu⁵³/
Lanzhou /iou⁵³/
Ürümqi /iɤu⁵¹/
Wuhan /iəu²¹³/
Chengdu /iəu³¹/
Guiyang /iəu²¹/
Kunming /iəu³¹/
Nanjing /iəɯ²⁴/
Hefei /iɯ⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /iəu¹¹/
Pingyao /iəu¹³/
Hohhot /iəu³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ɦiɤ²³/
Suzhou /ɦiɤ¹³/
Hangzhou /ɦiø²¹³/
Wenzhou /jau³¹/
Hui Shexian /iu⁴⁴/
Tunxi /iu⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /iəu¹³/
Xiangtan /iəɯ¹²/
Gan Nanchang /i⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /iu¹¹/
Taoyuan /ʒiu¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jɐu²¹/
Nanning /jɐu²¹/
Hong Kong /jɐu²¹/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /iu³⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /ieu⁵³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /iu²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan) /iu⁵⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /ziu³¹/
Rime
Character 由
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 以周切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /jɨu/
Pan
Wuyun		 /jiu/
Shao
Rongfen		 /iəu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /juw/
Li
Rong		 /iu/
Wang
Li		 /jĭəu/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /i̯ə̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 yóu
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 由
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 yóu
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ yuw ›
Old
Chinese		 /*l[u]/
English follow; from

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 由
Reading # 1/1
No. 15526
Phonetic
component		 由
Rime
group		 幽
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 猷
Old
Chinese		 /*lɯw/

Definitions

由

  1. cause; reason
  2. from

References

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

由

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. cause, reason
  2. from, arising from

Readings

Compounds

Korean

Hanja

由 • ‎(yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune-Reischauer yu, Yale yu)

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Vietnamese

Han character

由 (do, dô, ro, sân)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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