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Definition 2024

敗

敗

See also: 败

Translingual

Han character

敗 (radical 66 攴+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 月金人大 (BCOK), four-corner 68840, composition ⿰貝攵)

References

  • KangXi: page 471, character 15
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13227
  • Dae Jaweon: page 824, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1462, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+6557

Chinese

trad. 敗
simp. 败

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 敗
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (貝) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
貝 *paːds
狽 *paːds
鋇 *paːds
浿 *pʰaːds, *pʰreːds
垻 *praːs
敗 *praːds, *braːds
唄 *braːds

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *praːds, *braːds) : phonetic 貝 ‎(OC *paːds) + semantic 攵 ‎(“strike”).

Pronunciation

  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 敗
Mandarin Beijing /pai⁵¹/
Harbin /pai⁵³/
Tianjin /pai⁵³/
Jinan /pɛ²¹/
Qingdao /pɛ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /pai³¹²/
Xi'an /pai⁴⁴/
Xining /pɛ²¹³/
Yinchuan /pɛ¹³/
Lanzhou /pɛ¹³/
Ürümqi /pai²¹³/
Wuhan /pai³⁵/
Chengdu /pai¹³/
Guiyang /pai²¹³/
Kunming /pæ²¹²/
Nanjing /pae⁴⁴/
Hefei /pe̞⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /pai⁴⁵/
Pingyao /pæ³⁵/
Hohhot /pɛ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /ba²³/
Suzhou /bɑ³¹/
Hangzhou /be̞¹³/
Wenzhou /ba²²/
Hui Shexian /pʰa²²/
Tunxi /pʰa¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /pai⁵⁵/
/pai¹¹/
Xiangtan /bai²¹/
Gan Nanchang /pʰai²¹/
Hakka Meixian /pʰai⁵³/
Taoyuan /pʰɑi⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /pai²²/
Nanning /pai²²/
Hong Kong /pai²²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /pai²²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /pɑi²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /pai⁴⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /pai³¹/
Haikou (Min Nan) /ʔbai³³/ 失～
/ʔbai²³/ 坏
Rime
Character 敗 敗
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 並 (3) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 夬 (29) 夬 (29)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) II II
Fanqie 薄邁切 補邁切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /bˠaiH/ /pˠaiH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /bᵚaiH/ /pᵚaiH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /baiH/ /paiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /baɨjsH/ /paɨjsH/
Li
Rong		 /baiH/ /paiH/
Wang
Li		 /bæiH/ /pæiH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /bʱaiH/ /paiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 bài bài
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 敗 敗
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 bài bài
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ bæjH › ‹ pæjH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*N-pˤra[t]-s/ /*pˤra[t]-s/
English suffer defeat defeat (v.t.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 敗 敗
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 421 422
Phonetic
component		 貝 貝
Rime
group		 祭 祭
Rime
subdivision		 1 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 敗 敗
Old
Chinese		 /*praːds/ /*braːds/

Definitions

敗

  1. to lose (a game); to be defeated
  2. to fail; to decay

Antonyms

  • (to lose): 勝／胜 (shèng)
  • (to fail): 成 (chéng)

See also

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

敗

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Counter

敗 ‎(hiragana はい, romaji -hai)

  1. losses

Compounds

Korean

Hanja

敗 • ‎(pae) (hangeul 패, revised pae, McCune-Reischauer p'ae, Yale phay)

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Vietnamese

Han character

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