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Definition 2024

業

業

See also: 菐 and 业

Translingual

Han character

業 (radical 75 木+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 廿金廿木 (TCTD), four-corner 32904, composition ⿱业𦍎)

Derived terms

References

  • KangXi: page 541, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15170
  • Dae Jaweon: page 928, character 14
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1247, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+696D

Chinese

trad. 業
simp. 业

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 業
Bronze inscriptions Large seal script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (業) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
礏 *ŋoːb
業 *ŋab
鄴 *ŋab
驜 *ŋab
嶪 *ŋab
鸈 *ŋab
澲 *ŋab

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 丵 + 巾.

Pronunciation

  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 業
Mandarin Beijing /iɛ⁵¹/
Harbin /iɛ⁵³/
Tianjin /ie⁵³/
Jinan /iə²¹/
Qingdao /iə⁴²/
Zhengzhou /iɛ²⁴/
Xi'an /niɛ²¹/
Xining /ȵi⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ie¹³/
Lanzhou /ȵiə¹³/
Ürümqi /iɤ²¹³/
Wuhan /ie²¹³/
Chengdu /ȵie³¹/
Guiyang /nie²¹/
Kunming /niɛ³¹/
Nanjing /ieʔ⁵/
Hefei /iɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /iəʔ²/
Pingyao /ȵiʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /iaʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /ȵiɪʔ¹/
Suzhou /ȵiəʔ³/
Hangzhou /ȵiəʔ²/
Wenzhou /ȵi²¹³/
Hui Shexian /ne²²/
Tunxi /ȵia¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ȵie²⁴/
Xiangtan /ȵie²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /ȵiɛʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /ŋiap̚⁵/
Taoyuan /ŋiɑp̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jip̚²/
Nanning /nip̚²²/
Hong Kong /jip̚²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /giap̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /ŋieʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /ŋiɛ⁴²/
Shantou (Min Nan) /ŋiap̚⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /ŋiap̚⁵/
/ŋiap̚³/
Rime
Character 業
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 業 (147)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 魚怯切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ŋɨɐp̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ŋiɐp̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ŋiɐp̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ŋɨap̚/
Li
Rong		 /ŋiap̚/
Wang
Li		 /ŋĭɐp̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ŋi̯ɐp̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 yè
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 業 業 業
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 yè yè yè
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ ngjæp › ‹ ngjæp › ‹ ngjæp ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[m-qʰ](r)[a]p/ /*[m-qʰ](r)[a]p/ /*[ŋ](r)[a]p/
English work (n.) horizontal board of a bell stand or frame strong, sturdy

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 業
Reading # 1/1
No. 14819
Phonetic
component		 業
Rime
group		 盍
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 業
Old
Chinese		 /*ŋab/

Definitions

業

  1. profession; business; trade
  2. course of study
  3. cause; estate
  4. (literary) already
  5. (Buddhism) karma

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

業

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. work, business, task, profession
  2. vocation
  3. arts
  4. performance

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

From Sinitic 業.

Noun

業 ‎(hiragana ぎょう, romaji gyō, historical hiragana げふ)

  1. work, task, business: the job at hand
  2. profession, business, trade: what one does to earn a living
  3. studies, scholarship (the act of being a scholar), the arts
    医科 (いか)の業 (ぎょう)に着手 (ちゃくしゅ)する
    ika no gyō ni chakushu suru
    set to studying medicine, start one's medical studies
Proverbs
  • 業 (ぎょう)は勤 (つっと)むるに精 (くわ)しく嬉 (たの)しむに荒 (すさ)む ‎(gyō wa tsuttomuru ni kuwashiku tanoshimu ni susamu): study hard and become wise, slack off and stay dumb
  • 業 (ぎょう)は道 (みち)に依 (よ)って賢 (かしこ)し ‎(gyō wa michi ni yotte kashikoshi): the ones doing it are the experts
  • 業 (ぎょう)を創 (はじ)め、統 (とう)を垂 (た)る ‎(gyō o hajime, tō o taru): a man of virtue builds up his skills, and then passes them on to those who come after

Etymology 2

From Sinitic 業. Translation from the Sanskrit term कर्मन् ‎(kárman, “act, action, performance”).

Noun

業 ‎(hiragana ごう, romaji gō, historical hiragana がふ, ごふ)

  1. (Buddhism) karma
  2. sin, misdeed
  3. abbreviation of 業腹 ‎(gōhara): resentment, resentful
Idioms
  • 業 (ごう)が深 (ふか)い ‎(gō ga fukai): to be deeply sinful
  • 業 (ごう)が煮 (に)える ‎(gō ga nieru), 業 (ごう)が煎 (い)れる ‎(gō ga ireru), 業 (ごう)が湧 (わ)く ‎(gō ga waku): to be irritated, to be annoyed, to get angry
  • 業 (ごう)を煮 (に)やす ‎(gō o niyasu), 業 (ごう)を沸 (わ)かす ‎(gō o wakasu): to lose one's temper, to fly off the handle
  • 業 (ごう)に沈 (しず)む ‎(gō ni shizumu): to sink into sin and despair
  • 業 (ごう)の風 (かぜ) ‎(gō no kaze): the powerful winds of sin that blow in ****
  • 業 (ごう)の秤 (はかり) ‎(gō no hakari): a mythological scale that weighs the sins of the dead
  • 業 (ごう)を曝 (さら)す ‎(gō o sarasu): to endure shame in this life as karma for sins committed in a previous life
Proverbs

Etymology 3

Stem noun form of verb 業る ‎(naru, “to earn a living”). Ultimately of same origin as verb なる.

Noun

業 ‎(hiragana なり, romaji nari)

  1. a living, a job, what one does to earn a living

Etymology 4

From Old Japanese waza.

Noun

業 ‎(hiragana わざ, romaji waza)

  1. a work of great significance or intent
  2. an intentional act or action
  3. (Buddhism) a Buddhist memorial service
  4. one's job, occupation, profession
  5. a matter or affair: implies a complication or problemよ
    容易 (ようい)な業 (わざ)ではありませんよ。
    Yōi na waza de wa arimasen yo.
    It's no easy matter, I tell you.
  6. a technique, a means of doing something
    業 (わざ)を磨 (みが)く
    waza o migaku
    polish one's technique
  7. a move or technique in sumo, judo, kendo, or other competitive activity
  8. a disaster, misfortune, calamity
Synonyms
Related terms

Korean

Hanja

業 • ‎(eop) (hangeul 업, revised eop, McCune-Reischauer ŏp, Yale ep)

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Vietnamese

Han character

業 (nghiệp)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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