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Definition 2024


See also: and

Translingual

Traditional
Shinjitai
Simplified

Han character

(radical 77 +14, 18 strokes, cangjie input 竹一尸一月 (HMSMB), four-corner 27127, composition ⿰⿱𠂤)

References

  • KangXi: page 578, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16349
  • Dae Jaweon: page 968, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1446, character 15
  • Unihan data for U+6B78

Chinese

trad.
simp.
alt. forms

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bamboo and silk script Large seal script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*kʰlul, *kʰrul, *kʰrulʔ
*tuːl
*tuːl
*tuːl, *tuːlʔ
*tuːl
*tuːl, *dul, *duls
*tuːl
*dols
*dols
*dols, *dul
*tul
*dul
*kʰrul, *kʰrulʔ
*klul

Ideogram (指事) : 𠂤 (ancient form of (“troops”)) +  (broom; sweep) – to eradicate the enemy and return.

Some analyse the component in the oracle bone script as a ligature of (“to stop, to cease”) and (“peripheral tribes”), i.e. “(of tribes in the periphery) to cease enmity and submit”.

A (“foot”) or (“walking”) component was further added in the bronze inscriptions.

Shuowen deems 𠂤 to be the phonetic component of this character.

Etymology 1

Starostin and Schuessler (2007) consider this a possible derivative of (OC *ɡuːl, “to revolve; to return”). Compared with Tibetan འཁོར ('khor, circle; turn), འཁོར་བ ('khor ba, to turn round; to return) by Xue (2001) and Wang (2007).

Pronunciation



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /kuei⁵⁵/
Harbin /kuei⁴⁴/
Tianjin /kuei²¹/
Jinan /kuei²¹³/
Qingdao /kue²¹³/
Zhengzhou /kuei²⁴/
Xi'an /kuei²¹/
Xining /kuɨ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /kuei⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /kuei³¹/
Ürümqi /kuei⁴⁴/
Wuhan /kuei⁵⁵/
Chengdu /kuei⁵⁵/
Guiyang /kuei⁵⁵/
Kunming /kuei⁴⁴/
Nanjing /kuəi³¹/
Hefei /kue²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /kuei¹¹/
Pingyao /kuei¹³/
Hohhot /kuei³¹/
Wu Shanghai /kue⁵³/
Suzhou /kue̞⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /kui³³/
Wenzhou /kai³³/
/t͡ɕy³³/ 當歸
Hui Shexian /kue³¹/
Tunxi /kue¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /kuei³³/
Xiangtan /kuəi³³/
Gan Nanchang /kui⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /kui⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /kui²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kwɐi⁵³/
Nanning /kʷɐi⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /kwɐi⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kui⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kuoi⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /ky⁵⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /kui³³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /kui²³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (28)
Final () (21)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division () III
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kʉi/
Pan
Wuyun
/kʷɨi/
Shao
Rongfen
/kiuəi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kuj/
Li
Rong
/kiuəi/
Wang
Li
/kĭwəi/
Bernard
Karlgren
/kwe̯i/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
guī
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
guī
Middle
Chinese
‹ kjwɨj ›
Old
Chinese
/*[k]ʷəj/
English return (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 17748
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*klul/

Definitions

  1. to return (to a place); to come back to
  2. to return to (a person, a status); to revert to
  3. to submit to; to seek patronage
  4. to tend towards; to converge
  5. to belong to

Compounds

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of – see .
(This character, , is a variant form of .)

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of – see .
(This character, , is a variant form of .)

Japanese

Kanji

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form )

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Readings


Korean

Hanja

(gwi, gwe) (hangeul , , revised gwi, gwe, McCune-Reischauer kwi, kwe, Yale kwi, kwey)

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Vietnamese

Han character

(qui, quy)

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