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Definition 2024

沒

沒

See also: 没

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

沒 (radical 85 水+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 水弓水 (ENE), four-corner 37147, composition ⿰氵𠬛)

Descendants

References

  • KangXi: page 611, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17204
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1004, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 1571, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+6C92

Chinese

trad. 沒
simp. 没

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 沒
Bronze inscriptions Large seal script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (没) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
沒 *mɯːd
殁 *mɯːd
莈 *mɯːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *mɯːd) : semantic 氵 ‎(“water”) + phonetic 𠬛 – drown in water.

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 沒
Mandarin Beijing /mei³⁵/
Harbin /mei²⁴/ ～人
/mei⁵³/ ～來
Tianjin /mei⁴⁵/ ～了
/mei⁵³/ ～走
Jinan /mei²¹³/ ～價
/mei⁴²/ ～的
Qingdao /mu⁴²/
Zhengzhou /mu⁴²/ 沉～
/mei²⁴/ ～法兒
Xi'an /mo²¹/
Xining /mɔ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /mu¹³/ ～有
/muə¹³/ 淹～
Lanzhou /mə¹³/
Ürümqi /mɤ²¹³/
Wuhan /mei²¹³/
Chengdu /mo³¹/
/mei¹³/
Guiyang /mei⁵⁵/ ～有
/mu²¹/ ～收
Kunming /mu²¹²/
Nanjing /moʔ⁵/ 沉～
/me²⁴/ ～有
Hefei /məʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /məʔ²/
Pingyao /mʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /məʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /məʔ¹/
Suzhou /məʔ³/
Hangzhou /məʔ²/
Wenzhou /mø²¹³/
Hui Shexian /mɔ²²/ 沉～
/miu³⁵/ (沒有)
Tunxi /mɛ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /mo²⁴/
Xiangtan /mæ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /mɨʔ⁵/ 埋～
Hakka Meixian /mut̚⁵/
Taoyuan /mut̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /mut̚²/
Nanning /mut̚²²/
Hong Kong /mut̚²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /but̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /muʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /mau²¹/
/mo⁴²/
Shantou (Min Nan) /mok̚⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /muak̚⁵/

Definitions

沒

  1. not have; there is not; to be without
    沒意思 / 没意思  ―  méiyìsī  ―  uninteresting [literally: to not have fun]
    這兒沒人。 / 这儿没人。  ―  Zhèr méi rén.  ―  There's nobody here.
  2. be not so ... as (when comparing)
    我沒你高。 / 我没你高。  ―  Wǒ méi nǐ gāo.  ―  I'm not as tall as you.
  3. less than, no more than
  4. Negative prefix for verb 有 (yǒu, “to have”).
    我沒有朋友。 / 我没有朋友。  ―  Wǒ méiyǒu péngyǒu.  ―  I have no friends.
  5. have not or did not (negative prefix for verbs, translated into other languages with verbs in the past tense)
    他沒來。 / 他没来。  ―  Tā méi lái.  ―  He hasn't come.

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 沒有 (“to not have (+ noun)”)
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 無
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 沒有
Mandarin Beijing 沒有、沒
Taiwan 沒有、沒
Jinan 沒有、沒
Xi'an 沒有
Wuhan 冇得
Chengdu 沒得
Yangzhou 不得、沒得
Hefei 沒
Cantonese Guangzhou 冇、冇有
Hong Kong 冇
Taishan 冇
Gan Nanchang 冒有
Hakka Meixian 無
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 無
Liudui (S. Sixian) 無
Hsinchu (Hailu) 無
Dongshi (Dabu) 無
Zhuolan (Raoping) 無
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 無
Jin Taiyuan 沒、沒啦
Min Dong Fuzhou 無
Min Nan Quanzhou 無
Xiamen 無
Zhangzhou 無
Taipei 無
Kaohsiung 無
Tainan 無
Taichung 無
Yilan 無
Lukang 無
Sanxia 無
Kinmen 無
Magong 無
Hsinchu 無
Malaysia 無
Singapore 無
Philippine 無
Chaozhou 無
Shantou 無
Thailand 無
Wu Shanghai 嘸沒
Suzhou 嘸不
Wenzhou 冇
Xiang Changsha 冇得、冇
Shuangfeng 冇得

See also

Compounds

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 沒
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 沒 (56)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 莫勃切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /muət̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /muot̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /muət̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /mwət̚/
Li
Rong		 /muət̚/
Wang
Li		 /muət̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /muət̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 mù
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 沒
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 mò
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ mwot ›
Old
Chinese		 /*mˤut/
English to dive, drown, die

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 沒
Reading # 1/1
No. 9235
Phonetic
component		 没
Rime
group		 物
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 没
Old
Chinese		 /*mɯːd/

Definitions

沒

  1. to drown; to sink; to submerge; to inundate
    淹沒 / 淹没  ―  yānmò  ―  to submerge; to inundate
  2. to end; to finish
  3. to die; to pass away

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

沒

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 没)

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Readings

Korean

Hanja

沒 • ‎(mol) (hangeul 몰, McCune-Reischauer mol, Yale mol)

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Vietnamese

Han character

沒 (một)

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