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Definition 2024
莫
莫
Translingual
Han character
莫 (radical 140 艸+7, 13 strokes, cangjie input 廿日大 (TAK), four-corner 44430, composition ⿱艹旲)
Derived characters
References
- KangXi: page 1035, character 13
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31078
- Dae Jaweon: page 1494, character 13
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3217, character 15
- Unihan data for U+83AB
Chinese
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 莫
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bamboo and silk script | Large seal script | Small seal script |
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (莫) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 蟆 | *mraː |
| 鬕 | *mraːɡs |
| 饃 | *maːl |
| 模 | *maː |
| 摸 | *maː, *maːɡ |
| 嫫 | *maː |
| 謨 | *maː |
| 膜 | *maː, *maːɡ |
| 摹 | *maː |
| 暮 | *maːɡs |
| 慕 | *maːɡs |
| 募 | *maːɡs |
| 墓 | *maːɡs |
| 慔 | *maːɡs |
| 莫 | *maːɡ |
| 寞 | *maːɡ |
| 漠 | *maːɡ |
| 幕 | *maːɡ |
| 鏌 | *maːɡ |
| 瘼 | *maːɡ |
| 鄚 | *maːɡ |
| 瞙 | *maːɡ |
| 嗼 | *maːɡ, *mraːɡ |
| 塻 | *maːɡ |
| 貘 | *mraːɡ |
| 驀 | *mraːɡ |
Pictogram (象形) – the sun (日) sinking into the bushes (屮); dusk. Original form of 暮 (OC *maːɡs, “dusk”).
The bottom was later distorted into 大.
Etymology 1
|
simp. and trad. |
莫 | |
|---|---|---|
From 無 (OC *ma, “there is no”) + distributive suffix *-k (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): mok6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mo̍k
- Min Dong (BUC): mŏ̤h / mŏk
- Min Nan
- Wu (Wiktionary): moq (T5)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˋ
- Wade-Giles: mo4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: moh
- IPA (key): /mu̯ɔ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: mok6
- Yale: mohk
- Cantonese Pinyin: mok9
- IPA (key): /mɔːk̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mo̍k
- Hakka Romanization System: mog
- Hagfa Pinyim: mog6
- IPA: /mok̚⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: mŏ̤h / mŏk
- IPA (key): /moʔ⁵/, /mouʔ⁵⁵/
- Note: mŏ̤h - vernacular (“don't”); mŏk - literary.
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bo̍k / bo̍h
- Tâi-lô: bo̍k / bo̍h
- Phofsit Daibuun: bok, boih
- IPA (Xiamen): /bɔk̚⁴/, /bɤʔ⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /bɔk̚²⁴/, /bɤʔ²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔk̚¹²¹/, /bɤʔ¹²¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /bɔk̚⁴/, /boʔ⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɔk̚⁴/, /bɤʔ⁴/
- Note: bo̍k - literary; bo̍h - vernacular.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: mog8
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mo̍k
- IPA (key): /mok̚⁴/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: moq (T5)
- IPA (key): /mʊʔ¹²/
- (Shanghainese)
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 莫 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /mo⁵¹/ |
| Harbin | /mɤ⁵³/ | |
| Tianjin | /mo⁵³/ | |
| Jinan | /mə²¹/ | |
| Qingdao | /mə⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /mo²⁴/ | |
| Xi'an | /mo²¹/ | |
| Xining | /mɔ⁴⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /muə¹³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /mə¹³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /mɤ²¹³/ | |
| Wuhan | /mo²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /mo³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /mo²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /mo³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /moʔ⁵/ | |
| Hefei | /mɐʔ⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /maʔ²/ |
| Pingyao | /mʌʔ⁵³/ | |
| Hohhot | /maʔ⁴³/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /moʔ¹/ |
| Suzhou | /noʔ³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /moʔ²/ | |
| Wenzhou | /mo²¹³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /mɔʔ²¹/ |
| Tunxi | /mo¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /mo²⁴/ |
| Xiangtan | /mo²⁴/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang |
/mɔʔ²/ /mɵʔ²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /mok̚⁵/ |
| Taoyuan | /mok̚⁵⁵/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /mɔk̚²/ |
| Nanning | /mɔk̚²²/ | |
| Hong Kong | /mɔk̚²/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /bɔk̚⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /moʔ⁵/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /mz̩²⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /mok̚⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) |
/vo³³/ 不要 /mo³³/ 姓 |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 莫 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 鐸 (103) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 慕各切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/mɑk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/mɑk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/mɑk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/mak̚/ |
| Li Rong |
/mɑk̚/ |
| Wang Li |
/mɑk̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/mɑk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
mò |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 莫 | 莫 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
mò | mò |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ mak › | ‹ mak › |
| Old Chinese |
/*mˤak/ | /*mˤak/ |
| English | there is no X such that X | deliberate (v.) (loan) |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 莫 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9252 |
| Phonetic component |
莫 |
| Rime group |
鐸 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
莫 |
| Old Chinese |
/*maːɡ/ |
| Notes | 從日在茻中，暮初文，小徐茻亦聲 |
Definitions
莫
- none; nothing; not anything
- (literary or dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Cantonese, Gan, Hakka, Min Dong) do not; don't; must not
- particle indicating a rhetorical question
- A surname.
Synonyms
| Dialectal synonyms of 別 (“do not”) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | 勿、莫、毋 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 別 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 別 |
| Taiwan | 別、不要 | |
| Jinan | 別、別價 | |
| Xi'an | 嫑、不敢 | |
| Wuhan | 莫、不 | |
| Chengdu | 莫、不要 | |
| Yangzhou | 莫、不要 | |
| Hefei | 別、不要 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 咪、唔好 |
| Hong Kong | 咪、唔好 | |
| Yangjiang | 莫、無好 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 莫 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 莫、毋愛、毋好 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 不要、不敢 |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 伓敢、伓讓、勿 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 伓通、莫 |
| Min Nan | Quanzhou | 毋通、毋愛 |
| Xiamen | 毋通、毋愛、莫 | |
| Zhangzhou | 毋通、莫 | |
| Taipei | 莫 | |
| Kaohsiung | 莫 | |
| Tainan | 莫 | |
| Yilan | 毋通、莫 | |
| Lukang | 莫 | |
| Sanxia | 莫去 | |
| Chaozhou | 孬、勿 | |
| Wu | Suzhou | 𧟰 |
| Wenzhou | 𧟰 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 莫 |
| Shuangfeng | 莫 | |
Compounds
Derived terms from 莫
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Etymology 2
|
simp. and trad. |
莫 | |
|---|---|---|
| alt. forms |
勿 嘜／唛 麥／麦 |
|
Pronunciation
Definitions
莫
Synonyms
| Dialectal synonyms of 別 (“do not”) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | 勿、莫、毋 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 別 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 別 |
| Taiwan | 別、不要 | |
| Jinan | 別、別價 | |
| Xi'an | 嫑、不敢 | |
| Wuhan | 莫、不 | |
| Chengdu | 莫、不要 | |
| Yangzhou | 莫、不要 | |
| Hefei | 別、不要 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 咪、唔好 |
| Hong Kong | 咪、唔好 | |
| Yangjiang | 莫、無好 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 莫 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 莫、毋愛、毋好 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 不要、不敢 |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 伓敢、伓讓、勿 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 伓通、莫 |
| Min Nan | Quanzhou | 毋通、毋愛 |
| Xiamen | 毋通、毋愛、莫 | |
| Zhangzhou | 毋通、莫 | |
| Taipei | 莫 | |
| Kaohsiung | 莫 | |
| Tainan | 莫 | |
| Yilan | 毋通、莫 | |
| Lukang | 莫 | |
| Sanxia | 莫去 | |
| Chaozhou | 孬、勿 | |
| Wu | Suzhou | 𧟰 |
| Wenzhou | 𧟰 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 莫 |
| Shuangfeng | 莫 | |
Etymology 3
|
simp. and trad. |
莫 | |
|---|---|---|
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄨˋ
- Wade-Giles: mu4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: muh
- IPA (key): /mu⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: mou6
- Yale: mouh
- Cantonese Pinyin: mou6
- IPA (key): /mou̯²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
Definitions
莫
Compounds
Derived terms from 莫
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Japanese
Kanji
莫
(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Readings
Korean
Hanja
莫 • (mak, mo) (hangeul 막, 모, revised mak, mo, McCune-Reischauer mak, mo, Yale mak, mo)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
Han character
莫 (mạc)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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