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Definition 2024


Translingual

Han character

(radical 85 +4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 水火竹 (EFH), four-corner 39120, composition)

  1. sand, gravel, pebbles
  2. granulated
  3. the number 10-8

References

  • KangXi: page 611, character 21
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17212
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1005, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 1562, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+6C99

See also

  • Chinese Numeral

Chinese

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*ʔsaːlʔ, *sʰaːlʔ, *sraːl
*saːl, *saːlʔ
*saːl, *sraːl
*saːl
*saːl
*saːl, *sreŋʔ, *seŋʔ
*sraːl, *sraːls
*sraːl
*sraːl
*sraːl
*sraːl
*sraːl
髿 *sraːl, *soːl
*sraːl, *soːl
*soːl
*soːl

Pronunciation



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /ʂa⁵⁵/
Harbin /ʂa⁴⁴/
Tianjin /sɑ²¹/
Jinan /ʂa²¹³/
Qingdao /ʂa²¹³/
Zhengzhou /ʂa²⁴/
Xi'an /sa²¹/
Xining /sa⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ʂa⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /ʂa³¹/
Ürümqi /sa⁴⁴/
Wuhan /sa²¹³/
Chengdu /sa⁵⁵/
Guiyang /sa⁵⁵/
Kunming /ʂa̠⁴⁴/
Nanjing /ʂɑ³¹/
Hefei /ʂa²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /sa¹¹/
Pingyao /sɑ¹³/
Hohhot /sa³¹/
Wu Shanghai /so⁵³/
Suzhou /so⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /sɑ³³/
Wenzhou /so³³/
Hui Shexian /sa³¹/
Tunxi /sɔ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /sa³³/
Xiangtan /dɒ³³/
Gan Nanchang /sɑ⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /sa⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /sɑ²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /sa⁵³/
Nanning /sa⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /sa⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /sa⁵⁵/
/sua⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /sa⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /suɛ⁵⁴/
/sa⁵⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /sua³³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /sa²³/
/tua²³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial () (21) (21)
Final () (98) (98)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () II II
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ʃˠa/ /ʃˠaH/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʃᵚa/ /ʃᵚaH/
Shao
Rongfen
/ʃa/ /ʃaH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʂaɨ/ /ʂaɨH/
Li
Rong
/ʃa/ /ʃaH/
Wang
Li
/ʃa/ /ʃaH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ʂa/ /ʂaH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
shā shà
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
shā
Middle
Chinese
‹ sræ ›
Old
Chinese
/*sˤraj/
English sand

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 11025 11035
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1 1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*sraːl/ /*sraːls/

Noun

  1. sand

Compounds


Japanese

Kanji

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Etymology 1

Noun

(hiragana すな, romaji suna)

  1. sand

Etymology 2

Noun

(hiragana いさご, romaji isago)

  1. small rock
  2. sand

Etymology 3

Noun

(hiragana , romaji sa, alternative reading しゃ, romaji sha)

  1. Number of units, 1 of 100 million parts.

Korean

Hanja

(sa) (hangeul , revised sa, McCune-Reischauer sa, Yale sa) [모래 사]

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

(sa, , nhểu, xoà, xa, )

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

  • Nom Foundation
  • Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
  • Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
  • Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm , NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville