Chinese

Verb

研究

1. to research; to study

   科學研究 / 科学研究  ―  kēxué yánjiū  ―  scientific research

   研究對象 / 研究对象  ―  yánjiū duìxiàng  ―  research subject

2. to deliberate; to discuss; to investigate

   這個問題有待研究。 [MSC, trad.]

   这个问题有待研究。 [MSC, simp.]

   Zhège wèntí yǒudài yánjiū. [Pinyin]

   This problem requires discussion.

Noun

研究

1. (countable) research; study; investigation   (Classifier: 項／项 m)
2. (uncountable) research; study; investigation; deliberation; discussion

See also

• 為學／为学 (wéixué)
• 治學／治学 (zhìxué)
• 做學問／做学问 (zuòxuéwèn)

Derived terms

Descendants

Japanese

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 研究 ‎(ngen *kiu^H?). Compare modern Hakka ngiên-kiu, Min Dong ngiĕng-géu, Min Nan gián-kiù.

The original on'yomi for the first character 研 was gen, more closely matching the Chinese origins. For reasons unknown, the reading shifted from gen to a kan'yō yomi of ken.

Pronunciation

• On'yomi
• (Tokyo) けんきゅう [kèńkyúú] (Heiban - [0])^[1]
• IPA^(key): [kẽ̞ŋkjɯᵝː]

Noun

研究 ‎(hiragana けんきゅう, romaji kenkyū)

1. a piece of research, a study, investigation
   • 1928, 寺田寅彦, 雑感:

     間違 (まちが)える事 (こと)なしには研究 (けんきゅう)は進 (すす)められない。

     Machigaeru koto nashi ni wa kenkyū wa susumerarenai.

     Research cannot advance without mistakes along the way.

Compounds

• 研究開発
• 研究生
• 研究所 (けんきゅうじょ) ‎(kenkyūjo)
• 研究員 (けんきゅういん) ‎(kenkyūin)
• 研究者 (けんきゅうしゃ) ‎(kenkyūsha)

Verb

研究する ‎(hiragana けんきゅうする, romaji kenkyū suru)

1. to research, to study
   • 1931, 宮本百合子, 五ヵ年計画とソヴェトの芸術:

     これらの作品 (さくひん)が研究 (けんきゅう)された。

     Korera no sakuhin ga kenkyū sareta.

     These works have been studied.

Conjugation

References

1. ↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9

• 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
• 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, ISBN 4095102535.

Korean

Noun

研究 • ‎(yeon-gu) ‎(hangeul 연구)

1. Alternative form of 硏究

Vietnamese

Verb

研究

1. Hán tự form of nghiên cứu, “to research”