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Definition 2025

硬

硬

See also: 峺

Translingual

Han character

硬 (radical 112 石+7, 12 strokes, cangjie input 一口一中大 (MRMLK), four-corner 11646, composition ⿰石更)

References

  • KangXi: page 831, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24230
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1247, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2432, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+786C

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 硬

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (丙) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
更 *kraːŋ, *kraːŋs
粳 *kraːŋ
埂 *kraːŋ, *kraːŋʔ
浭 *kraːŋ
稉 *kraːŋ
梗 *kraːŋʔ
哽 *kraːŋʔ
綆 *kraːŋʔ
鯁 *kraːŋʔ
挭 *kraːŋʔ
骾 *kraːŋʔ
郠 *kraːŋʔ
硬 *ŋɡraːŋs, *ŋɡraːŋs
鞕 *ŋɡraːŋs
丙 *pqraŋʔ
炳 *praŋʔ
邴 *praŋʔ, *praŋs
怲 *praŋʔ, *praŋs
苪 *praŋʔ
蛃 *praŋʔ
昺 *praŋʔ
昞 *praŋʔ
窉 *praŋʔ
柄 *praŋʔ, *praŋs
鈵 *praŋs
寎 *praŋs
病 *braŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋɡraːŋs, *ŋɡraːŋs) : semantic 石 + phonetic 更 ‎(OC *kraːŋ, *kraːŋs).

Pronunciation

  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 硬
Mandarin Beijing /iŋ⁵¹/
Harbin /iŋ⁵³/
Tianjin /iŋ⁵³/
Jinan /iŋ²¹/
Qingdao /iŋ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /əŋ³¹²/
Xi'an /niŋ⁴⁴/
Xining /ȵiə̃²¹³/
Yinchuan /iŋ¹³/
Lanzhou /ȵĩn¹³/
Ürümqi /ȵiŋ²¹³/
Wuhan /ŋən³⁵/
Chengdu /ŋən¹³/
Guiyang /ŋen²¹³/
/in²¹³/ 新,少
Kunming /ə̃²¹²/
Nanjing /ən⁴⁴/
Hefei /ʐən⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /niəŋ⁴⁵/
Pingyao /ȵiŋ³⁵/
/ȵie̞³⁵/
Hohhot /nĩŋ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /ŋã²³/
Suzhou /ŋã³¹/
Hangzhou /ŋɑŋ¹³/
Wenzhou /ŋiɛ²²/
Hui Shexian /ŋʌ̃³²⁴/
/ŋɛ²²/
Tunxi /ȵiɛ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ŋən¹¹/
Xiangtan /ŋən²¹/
Gan Nanchang /ŋɑŋ²¹/
Hakka Meixian /ŋaŋ⁵³/
Taoyuan /ŋɑŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /ŋaŋ²²/
Nanning /ŋaŋ²²/
Hong Kong /ŋaŋ²²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /giŋ²²/
/ŋi²²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /ŋaiŋ²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /ŋaiŋ⁴⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /ŋẽ³⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /ŋɛ³³/
Rime
Character 硬
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 耕 (117)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 五爭切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ŋˠɛŋH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ŋᵚæŋH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ŋɐŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ŋəɨjŋH/
Li
Rong		 /ŋɛŋH/
Wang
Li		 /ŋæŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ŋæŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 èng
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 硬 硬
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 880 881
Phonetic
component		 丙 丙
Rime
group		 陽 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 鞕
Old
Chinese		 /*ŋɡraːŋs/ /*ŋɡraːŋs/
Notes 見傷寒論 同鞕，王韻五孟反

Definitions

硬

  1. hard
  2. stiff; inflexible; firm
  3. obstinate

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

硬

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

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Readings

Compounds

Korean

Hanja

硬 • ‎(gyeong) (hangeul 경, revised gyeong, McCune-Reischauer kyŏng, Yale kyeng)

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Vietnamese

Han character

硬 (ngạnh)

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