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Definition 2024


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Translingual

Han character

(radical 112 +11, 16 strokes, cangjie input 戈金一口 (ICMR) or 戈木一口 (IDMR), four-corner 00261, composition)

  1. grind
  2. polish
  3. rub
  4. wear out

References

  • KangXi: page 835, character 39
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24449
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1253, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2453, character 13
  • Unihan data for U+78E8

Chinese

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*mraːl
*mraːl
*mraːl
*mral
*mral
*mral
*mral, *mralʔ, *mrɯl
*mralʔ
*maːl, *maːls
*maːl
*maːl, *maːls
*maːl
*maːl
*maːlʔ
*maːls, *mɯːl
*hmral

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial () (4) (4)
Final () (95) (95)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed Closed
Division () I I
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/muɑ/ /muɑH/
Pan
Wuyun
/muɑ/ /muɑH/
Shao
Rongfen
/muɑ/ /muɑH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/mwa/ /mwaH/
Li
Rong
/muɑ/ /muɑH/
Wang
Li
/muɑ/ /muɑH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/muɑ/ /muɑH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ ma › ‹ maH ›
Old
Chinese
/*mˤaj/ /*mˤaj-s/
English rub, grind grinding stone

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 8706 8710
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1 1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*maːl/ /*maːls/

Verb

  1. to rub
  2. to wear out; to wear down; to erode

Derived terms


Japanese

Kanji

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. to polish
  2. to grind
  3. to brush (teeth)

Readings

Compounds


Korean

Hanja

(ma) (hangeul , revised ma, McCune-Reischauer ma, Yale ma)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

(ma, mài)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.