Chinese

Verb

稟告

1. to report (to one's superior)

Japanese

Etymology 1

/pinkoku/ → /finkoku/ → /hinkoku/

From Middle Chinese compound 稟告 ‎(pim^X kowk, literally “report, petition + inform”). Compare modern Min Nan pín-kò or Mandarin bǐnggào.

The goon reading, so likely the original borrowing.

Pronunciation

• On'yomi: Goon
• (Tokyo) ひんこく [hìńkókú] (Heiban - [0])
• IPA^(key): [çĩŋko̞kɯᵝ]

Noun

稟告 ‎(hiragana ひんこく, romaji hinkoku)

1. (rare, possibly obsolete) reporting (especially to a superior)
2. (rare, possibly obsolete) a report (especially to a superior)

Synonyms

• 上申 (じょうしん) ‎(jōshin)
• 報告 (ほうこく) ‎(hōkoku) (lacks the “to a superior” sense)

Verb

稟告する ‎(hiragana ひんこくする, romaji hinkoku suru)

1. (rare, possibly obsolete) to report, to make a report (especially to a superior)

Conjugation

Synonyms

• 上申 (じょうしん) ‎(jōshin)
• 報告 (ほうこく) ‎(hōkoku) (lacks the “to a superior” sense)

Etymology 2

Appears to be a shift in pronunciation within Japanese, likely influenced by the alternative Middle Chinese reading lim^X for the 稟 character. The rin reading in Japanese is sometimes treated as kan'yōon.^[1][2]

Pronunciation

• On'yomi: Goon
• (Tokyo) りんこく [rìńkókú] (Heiban - [0])^[2]
• IPA^(key): [ɾĩŋko̞kɯᵝ]

Noun

稟告 ‎(hiragana りんこく, romaji rinkoku)

1. a proposal, proposing
2. notification, notifying, informing, telling
3. a declaration, declaring

Synonyms

• (proposal): 申 (もう)し出 (で) ‎(mōshide), 提案 (ていあん) ‎(teian)
• (notification): 通知 (つうち) ‎(tsūchi), 告知 (こくち) ‎(kokuchi)
• (declaration): 申 (もう)し告 (つ)げる ‎(mōshitsugeru), 申告 (しんこく) ‎(shinkoku)

Verb

稟告する ‎(hiragana りんこくする, romaji rinkoku suru)

1. to propose, to make a proposal
2. to notify, to inform, to tell
3. to declare, to make a declaration

Conjugation

Synonyms

• (propose): 申 (もう)し出 (で)る ‎(mōshideru), 提案 (ていあん) ‎(teian)
• (inform): 申 (もう)し上 (あ)げる ‎(mōshiageru)
• (notify): 通知 (つうち) ‎(tsūchi), 告知 (こくち) ‎(kokuchi)
• (declare): 申 (もう)し告 (つ)げる ‎(mōshitsugeru), 申告 (しんこく) ‎(shinkoku)

References

1. ↑ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
2. 1 2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9

Korean

Noun

稟告 • ‎(pumgo) ‎(hangeul 품고)

1. Hanja form^? of 품고, “notice; notification; report (to one's superior)”.