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Definition 2025

蔡

蔡

Translingual

Han character

蔡 (radical 140 艸+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 廿月人火 (TBOF), four-corner 44901, composition ⿱艹祭)

Derived characters

References

  • KangXi: page 1055, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31818
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1517, character 17
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3282, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+8521

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 蔡

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (祭) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
蔡 *sʰlaːds
瘵 *ʔsreːds
祭 *ʔsreːds, *ʔsleds
際 *ʔsleds
穄 *ʔsleds
鰶 *ʔsleds
傺 *hr'eds
摖 *sʰleːds
擦 *sʰlaːd
攃 *sʰlaːd, *saːd
礤 *sʰlaːd
察 *sʰreːd
詧 *sʰreːd, *sʰeːd

Pronunciation

  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 蔡
Mandarin Beijing /t͡sʰai⁵¹/
Harbin /t͡sʰai⁵³/
Tianjin /t͡sʰai⁵³/
Jinan /t͡sʰɛ²¹/
Qingdao /t͡sʰɛ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /t͡sʰai³¹²/
Xi'an /t͡sʰai⁴⁴/
Xining /t͡sʰɛ²¹³/
Yinchuan /t͡sʰɛ¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡sʰɛ¹³/
Ürümqi /t͡sʰai²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡sʰai³⁵/
Chengdu /t͡sʰai¹³/
Guiyang /t͡sʰai²¹³/
Kunming /t͡sʰæ²¹²/
Nanjing /t͡sʰae⁴⁴/
Hefei /t͡sʰe̞⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡sʰai⁴⁵/
Pingyao /t͡sʰæ³⁵/
Hohhot /t͡sʰɛ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /t͡sʰe³⁵/
Suzhou /t͡sʰɑ⁵¹³/
Hangzhou /t͡sʰe̞⁴⁴⁵/
Wenzhou /t͡sʰa⁴²/
Hui Shexian /t͡sʰɛ³²⁴/
Tunxi /t͡sʰa⁴²/
Xiang Changsha /t͡sʰai⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /t͡sʰai⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sʰai²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰai⁵³/
Taoyuan /t͡sʰɑi⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sʰɔi³³/
Nanning /t͡sʰɔi³³/
Hong Kong /t͡sʰɔi³³/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /t͡sʰai²¹/
/t͡sʰua²¹/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /t͡sʰɑi²¹²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /t͡sʰuɛ³³/
Shantou (Min Nan) /t͡sʰua²¹³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /sai³⁵/
/sua³⁵/
Rime
Character 蔡
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 清 (14)
Final (韻) 泰 (25)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 倉大切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /t͡sʰɑiH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /t͡sʰɑiH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /t͡sʰɑiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /t͡sʰajH/
Li
Rong		 /t͡sʰɑiH/
Wang
Li		 /t͡sʰɑiH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /t͡sʰɑiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 cài
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 蔡
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 cài
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ tshajH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*s.r̥̥ˤat-s/
English (name of a state)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 蔡
Reading # 1/1
No. 5836
Phonetic
component		 祭
Rime
group		 祭
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 蔡
Old
Chinese		 /*sʰlaːds/

Definitions

蔡

  1. A surname​.
  2. species of tortoise

Descendants

  • (Hokkien dialect) Tagalog: Chua

Japanese

Kanji

蔡

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

Korean

Hanja

蔡 • ‎(chae, sal) (hangeul 채, 살, revised chae, sal, McCune-Reischauer ch'ae, sal, Yale chay, sal)

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Vietnamese

Han character

蔡 (thái)

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