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Definition 2025

製

製

See also: 制

Translingual

Han character

製 (radical 145 衣+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 竹弓卜竹女 (HNYHV), four-corner 22732, composition ⿱制衣)

References

  • KangXi: page 1119, character 20
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34380
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1586, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3095, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+88FD

Chinese

trad. 製
simp. 制

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (制) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
制 *kjeds
淛 *kjeds
製 *kjeds
掣 *kʰjeds, *kʰjed
痸 *kʰjeds
猘 *kreds

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kjeds) : phonetic 制 ‎(OC *kjeds) + semantic 衣 ‎(“clothes”) – originally to produce cloth.

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 製
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 章 (23)
Final (韻) 祭 (35)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 征例切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /t͡ɕiᴇiH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /t͡ɕiɛiH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /t͡ɕjæiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ciajH/
Li
Rong		 /t͡ɕiɛiH/
Wang
Li		 /t͡ɕĭɛiH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /t͡ɕi̯ɛiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 zhì
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 製
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 zhì
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ tsyejH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*tet-s/
English cut out (a garment)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 製
Reading # 1/1
No. 17379
Phonetic
component		 制
Rime
group		 祭
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 制
Old
Chinese		 /*kjeds/

Definitions

製

  1. to make, to manufacture
  2. to produce

Japanese

Kanji

製

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Kanji in this term
製
せい
Grade: 5
on'yomi

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 製 ‎(tsyejH).

Pronunciation

Noun

製 ‎(hiragana せい, romaji sei)

  1. make

Suffix

製 ‎(hiragana せい, romaji -sei)

  1. -made
    日本製 (にほんせい)
    Nihon-sei
    made in Japan
  2. made of
    木製 (もくせい)
    mokusei
    made of wood

References

  1. ↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9

Korean

Hanja

製 • ‎(je) (hangeul 제, revised je, McCune-Reischauer che, Yale cey)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

製 (chế, chẽ)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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