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Definition 2024
達
達
Translingual
Han character
達 (radical 162 辵+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 卜土廿手 (YGTQ), four-corner 34304, composition ⿺辶𦍒)
References
- KangXi: page 1262, character 10
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39011
- Dae Jaweon: page 1755, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 3855, character 1
- Unihan data for U+9054
Chinese
| trad. | 達 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 达 | |
Glyph origin
| Characters in the same phonetic series (羍) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 羍 | *tʰaːd |
| 達 | *tʰaːd, *daːd |
| 闥 | *tʰaːd |
| 撻 | *tʰaːd, *tʰaːd |
| 躂 | *tʰaːd |
| 澾 | *tʰaːd |
| 薘 | *daːd |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *tʰaːd, *daːd) : 辶 + 羍.
Note that inner component is not 幸 – these are not cognate, and there is an extra stroke in 達 (two horizontal strokes at the bottom, not one).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄚˊ
- Wade-Giles: ta2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dar
- IPA (key): /ta̠³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄊㄚˋ
- Wade-Giles: t'a4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tah
- IPA (key): /tʰa̠⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄊㄧˋ
- Wade-Giles: t'ih4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tih
- IPA (key): /tʰi⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: daat6, taat3
- Yale: daaht, taat
- Cantonese Pinyin: daat9, taat8
- IPA (key): /tɑːt̚²/, /tʰɑːt̚³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ta̍t
- Tâi-lô: ta̍t
- Phofsit Daibuun: dat
- IPA (Xiamen): /tat̚⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tat̚²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /tat̚¹²¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /tat̚⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /tat̚⁴/
- (Hokkien)
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 達 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ta³⁵/ |
| Harbin | /ta²⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /tɑ⁴⁵/ | |
| Jinan | /ta⁴²/ | |
| Qingdao | /ta⁵⁵/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /ta⁴²/ | |
| Xi'an | /ta²⁴/ | |
| Xining | /ta²⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /ta¹³/ | |
| Lanzhou |
/ta⁵³/ /tʰa⁵³/ 姓 |
|
| Ürümqi | /ta⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /ta²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /ta³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /ta²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /ta̠³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /tɑʔ⁵/ | |
| Hefei | /tɐʔ⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /taʔ⁵⁴/ |
| Pingyao | /tʌʔ⁵³/ | |
| Hohhot | /taʔ⁴³/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /daʔ¹/ |
| Suzhou | /daʔ³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /dɑʔ²/ | |
| Wenzhou | /da²¹³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /tʰa²²/ |
| Tunxi | /tɔ⁵/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ta²⁴/ |
| Xiangtan | /tɒ²⁴/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /tʰaʔ²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /tʰat̚⁵/ |
| Taoyuan | /tʰɑt̚⁵⁵/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /tat̚²/ |
| Nanning | /tat̚²²/ | |
| Hong Kong | /tat̚²/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /tat̚⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /taʔ⁵/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /tuɛ²⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /tak̚⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /ʔdak̚³/ |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 達 | 達 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 透 (6) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 曷 (63) | 曷 (63) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 他達切 | 唐割切 |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/tʰɑt̚/ | /dɑt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/tʰɑt̚/ | /dɑt̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/tʰɑt̚/ | /dɑt̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/tʰat̚/ | /dat̚/ |
| Li Rong |
/tʰɑt̚/ | /dɑt̚/ |
| Wang Li |
/tʰɑt̚/ | /dɑt̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/tʰɑt̚/ | /dʱɑt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
ta | dá |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 達 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
dá |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ dat › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[l]ˤat/ |
| English | arrive at |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 達 | 達 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 1923 | 1929 |
| Phonetic component |
羍 | 羍 |
| Rime group |
月 | 月 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
闥 | 達 |
| Old Chinese |
/*tʰaːd/ | /*daːd/ |
Verb
達
Adjective
達
Compounds
Japanese
Kanji
Readings
- Goon: だち (dachi)
- Kan’on: たつ (tatsu)
- On (unclassified): だ (da), たち (tachi)
- Kun: とおる (tōru), とどく (todoku)
- Nanori: かつ (katsu), さと (sato), さとる (satoru), しげ (shige), すすむ (susumu), ただ (tada), たて (tate), と (to), とお (tō), のぶ (nobu), ひろ (hiro), みち (michi), よし (yoshi), てつ (tetsu), いたる (itaru), さとし (satoshi)
Suffix
達 (hiragana たち, romaji -tachi)
- Plural marker
- 子供達
- kodomo-tachi
- children
- 子供達
Synonyms
Usage notes
Note that 達 only clarifies that the number of people in question is more than one. It could be omitted when the plurality is already clear by context or not cared. The plurality marked with 達 is not syntactic one. 達 is normally used only for people.