Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

等 (radical 118 竹+6, 12 strokes, cangjie input 竹土木戈 (HGDI), four-corner 8834₁, composition ⿱⺮寺)

References

• KangXi: page 882, character 24
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25992
• Dae Jaweon: page 1311, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 2962, character 1
• Unihan data for U+7B49

Chinese

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *tɯːʔ, *tɯːŋʔ) : semantic ⺮ ‎(“bamboo”) + phonetic 寺 ‎(OC *ljɯs).

竹 here refers to the bamboo strips used for writing (e.g. grading, classification) in ancient times. 寺 (OC *ljɯs) was originally used phonetically; the character was subsequently borrowed for another word with the same meaning, but with no phonetic resemblance to 寺.

Pronunciation

Definitions

等

1. ^†orderly bamboo slips
2. rank; grade; class
3. sort; kind; type
4. to equate; to be equal
5. to wait
6. and the like; etc.; et al.

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Goon: とう (tō)
• Kan’on: とう (tō)
• Kun: ひとしい (等しい, hitoshii), など (nado), ら (ra)

Compounds

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 等 ‎(tong^X, “step, grade”), extended to mean ... kind of thing.

Pronunciation

• On'yomi: Goon
• (Tokyo) と​う [tóꜜò] (Atamadaka - [1])^[1]
• IPA^(key): [to̞ː]

Adverb

等 ‎(hiragana とう, romaji tō)

1. et cetera

Suffix

等 ‎(hiragana とう, romaji -tō)

1. rank, class, order
2. et cetera, that kind of thing, and so on

Usage notes

For the et cetera sense, the tō reading is somewhat more formal than the nado reading.

Etymology 2

From earlier なんど ‎(nando, “etc., and so forth, and such like”), from earlier 何と ‎(nani to, “etc., and so forth, and such like”, literally “and what”), itself a compound of 何 ‎(nani, “what”) + と ‎(to, “and”).^[1][2]

Pronunciation

• Kun'yomi
• IPA^(key): [na̠do̞]

Adverb

等 ‎(hiragana など, romaji nado)

1. et cetera, that kind of thing, and so on

   魚 (さかな)や肉 (にく)等 (など)

   sakana ya niku nado

   things like fish or meat, fish and meat et cetera / and other such things

Usage notes

For the et cetera sense, the tō reading is somewhat more formal than the nado reading.

Often spelled in hiragana, as など.

Etymology 3

From Old Japanese.

Pronunciation

• Kun'yomi
• IPA^(key): [ɾ̠a̠]

Suffix

等 ‎(hiragana ら, romaji -ra)

1. pluralizer

   我 (われ)、我 (われ)等 (ら)、これ、これ等 (ら)

   ware, warera, kore, korera

   I, we, this, these

2. qualifier, softener: around abouts

   今日 (きょう)等 (ら)、そこ等 (ら)辺 (へん)

   kyōra, sokora hen

   roughly today, that area around there

Usage notes

Often spelled in hiragana, as ら.

References

1. 1 2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
2. ↑ 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, ISBN 4-09-501211-0

Korean

Hanja

等 • ‎(deung)
Eumhun:

• Sound (hangeul): 등 (revised: deung, McCune-Reischauer: tŭng, Yale: tung)

• Name (hangeul): 무리등 (Yale: mulitung)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

等 (đẳng, đấng, đứng)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.